Shintoism in Japan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Shintoism in Japan - Essay Example This indigenous religion of Japan is an unstructured blend of a few convictions and practices, for example, the love of nature, future foreseeing, richness factions and shamanism. In its most central structure, Shinto is the strict structure of Japanese patriotism. As indicated by Shinto custom, the Japanese individuals and their nation were supernaturally made, their heads relatives of the Sun Goddess. Normally, Japanese who are associated with Confucianism or the Buddhist religion are all the while partnered with the Shinto faction. The two loved books of Shintoism are the Nihongi (Chronicles of Japan) and the Kojiki (Chronicles of Ancient Events). The Kojiki instructs that first and foremost were the two kami (gods), Izanagi (male-who-welcomes) and Izanami (female who-welcomes). Following the making of Japan they created numerous other kami. As per this fanciful legend, Izanami died in the wake of bringing forth the kami of fire. Izanagi, trying to discover her, journeyed to Hell where he discovered her decayed body pervaded by slimy parasites. Sickened, he at that point returned to Japan in repugnance and sanitized himself by entering a waterway. The Sun Goddess, the Great Kami Amaterasu developed when he cleaned out his left eye and Tsukiyom the Moon Kami appeared when he cleaned out his correct eye. Following numerous long stretches of war between the individuals of Japan, the Sun Goddess made her grandson, Ninigi, the primary ruler of Japan. The Shinto religion is the main religion of the world that is spok en to by a female Deity. Japanese legend fights that the main head showed up during the seventh century B.C. be that as it may, current analysts put the real beginnings of Japanese emperorship at around 200 A. D.

The Taming of the Shrew Essays -- English Literature Essays

The Taming of the Shrew Look at the changed manners by which Shakespeare presents the mentality towards marriage in the play, ‘The Taming of the Shrew.’ The Taming of the Shrew is one of Shakespeare’s soonest comedies, and it imparts numerous basic qualities to his other rom-coms, for example, Much Ado About Nothing and A Midsummer Night’s Dream. These qualities incorporate carefree and droll diversion, camouflages and misleading and a glad completion where the vast majority of the characters come out fulfilled. The play has been dated from as ahead of schedule as 1594 and as late as 1598. (http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/vixen/context.html) The principle subjects in the play are love, marriage, mastery, society desires, wagering and cash. Loves truly exist in the play or is it simply love for cash. It appears that the way in to an upbeat and effective marriage is cash. This satire composed by Shakespeare utilizes camouflages and that additionally is a key part to the play. In spite of the fact that it is proposed to be a parody, there is at times a dark cloud hanging over it. For example the manner by which Katherina is dealt with doesn’t consistently appear to be amusing; rather it is very barbarous and debasing. â€Å"She eat no meat today, nor none will eat; the previous evening she dozed not, nor this evening she will not.† (Page 62, act 4 scene 1 line 182-183) Men considered union with be an approach to get rich; love didn’t even enter the condition. Padua is a rich territory and in this manner numerous admirers fled there in the desire for getting affluent. â€Å"I come to wive it richly in Padua,† says Petruchio. He asks out and out, â€Å"Then let me know †in the event that I get your daughter’s love, what share will I have with her to wife?† (Page 37, act 2 scene 1, line 119-120) The spouses were given a settlement by the dad of the girl when they got hitched. Ladies didn’t have any state in who they decided to wed; rather the choice was given to the dad. On the off chance that a girl was not hitched, at that point they were glimpsed disgracefully upon inside the general public. In this time each lady was to be hitched else they were disapproved of inside the network. Further more without Katherina getting hitched, Bianca would likewise never wed. Inside a family the oldest little girl must be of fered first and in this play ended up being a reward. â€Å"Her father keeps from all entrance of admirers and won't guarantee her to any man until her senior sister initially be wed.† This is the primary an... .... She presently obeys what is asked of her by Petruchio like, for example, when she is educated to address different spouses concerning how to be a decent wife, â€Å"Katherina, I charge thee, tell these resolved ladies, what obligation they do owe their rulers and husbands.† Without belligerence and saying a word against what is asked of her she offers her guidance, â€Å"Thy husband is thy master, thy life, thy manager, thy head, thy sovereign, one that thinks about thee.† Ladies in the Elizabethan time were introduced as dutiful to their spouses and conscious to them too. They had no force and no state, they were dealt with seriously and nothing would be done to stop the conduct. In present day society most ladies have as much state as the men, they are not expected to remain at home and clean and so on, and rather they go to fill in also. A few ladies resemble Katherina before she was as far as anyone knows restrained, out spoken, yet disparity despite everything exists. During the Elizabethan period marriage resembled a business contract, in the event that the cash is there, at that point so is the mark. Love was never a piece of the play and this appeared in both Hortensio and Petruchio, who Shakespeare uses to uncover this shallow way to deal with the probably sentimental idea of marriage.

A Cacophony of Coats

A Cacophony of Coats While waiting at a bus stop the other day, I witnessed one of the most awkward conversations Id ever beenwell, witness to. Theres a little thing called small talk that people substitute for awkward silence in social situations with acquaintances. Two women waiting next to me at the bus stop were demonstrating this tactic, and had chosen the topic of winter coats a logical move given that it was fairly chilly outside. They established that coats were, indeed, useful to possess in the cold, their thorough line of reasoning being that coats made one less cold, which was a desirable effect when one was undesirably cold. Coats, some of which were fashionable, and some of which were unfashionable, could be acquired in a variety of stores, some of them nearby, some not. Some of these stores; that is, stores which sold coats, even provided discounts, which in turn could be acquired through coupons provided by that store for the purpose of providing discounts. The three of us waited interminably for the bus, wrapped beseechingly in our coats. As I silently wept tears of frustration, they crystallized on my cheeks and shattered one by one against the concrete, like my heart at the mention of coats. Im just kidding about the first part. It wasnt that cold. In an attempt to alleviate my rejection of conversational redundancy (but mostly because its a graduation requirement), Im taking 6.UAT, a preparation class for 6.UAP, the course 6 undergraduate thesis. Most people mix these names up; I remember them as Undergraduate Amateur Talking and Undergraduate Actual Project. The universally loved Tony Eng designed the course to reprogram malfunctioning social robots like me with better presentation and communication skills with which to convey our technical prowess. Ironically, hes so good at teaching it that no one realizes hes actually a researcher. Might as well tell you about my other classes now. 6.813 (User Interface Design Implementation) So far weve mostly just looked at horrendously unusable user interfaces and enumerated reasons for their badness. Although, notably, one student intuited a possible explanation for the unusability of this MoMA interface, which I cant resist snarkily paraphrasing and embellishing: But what if the artist deliberately intended to create an atmosphere of leisurely wanderlust and confusion, forcing the viewer to wander helplessly amongst the sea of sequestered memos as if pacing the lofty halls of an art gallery, in striking contrast with the cramped metaphor of a post-it-encrusted cubicle? Anything is possible, but the impotently eager attitude of the mouseover popups suggests otherwise. 21M.340 (Jazz Harmony and Arranging) I didnt really find out about non-classical music until high school, so this is all kind of new, but jazz is like a drug. And I want to learn how to make it. Last week we discussed the blues, which the venerable Mark Harvey described as a riff, and then you keep repeating it until you run out of lyrics. 6.02 (Intro EECS II) Ive been putting this off for a long, long time. 6.815 (Digital Computational Photography a.k.a. How To Make Photoshop) The second lecture started off like this: Prof. Durand: Put on these diffraction glasses. Yuzhi 12: DOUBLE RAINBOW!!!!!!!!! Me: ALL THE WAY ACROSS THE SKY Jeff 12: ITS STARTING TO LOOK LIKE A TRIPLE RAINBOW Prof. Durand: By the way, human color perception reduces infinite-dimensional spectra to just three dimensions, enabling illuminant metamerism, which is when completely different spectra look identical under certain lighting conditions, and thats why clothes you tried on at the store sometimes look awful when you get home. Also, it lets you cheat and simulate negative spectra using just additive light. And half a lectures worth of linear algebra. Me: Wow, this class is going to be so fun! And then we had Matlab assignments. *I eventually figured out why everything was magenta, but it took a while. (Im new to Matlab.)

Are You a Hipster No, I am a Yuccie!

Do you know what a yuccie is? No, not yucky, although somebody will certainly say it is not that much of a difference, but a yuccie? Yuccie is a recently coined term defining a new subculture (way of life, worldview, lifestyle, underline as necessary) that is likely to largely replace good old hipsters we all have come to know and†¦ mostly just know, probably. ‘Yuccie’ is derived from ‘young urban creative’ in the same manner ‘yuppie’ is derived from ‘young urban professional’, and the similarity isn’t limited to the way these two words sound. However improbable it may sound, but yuccies borrow almost as much from yuppies as they do from hipsters, despite the seeming incompatibility of these two groups. Just like hipsters, yuccies despise all things mainstream, hate traditional nine to five job mentality, seek creative self-expression, live in gentrified neighborhoods; they borrow a lot from them in the sense of style and preferences in art and music. However, when it comes to their attitude towards success and money, they are quite different. They avoid nine to five jobs and traditional careers not because they try to show their indifference to worldly success, but because they believe they can achieve it in other ways. Namely – via their self-professed creativity. A yuccie believes his intelligence, creative capabilities and ideas are too powerful and valuable to be wasted in an office. He is too clever by far to spend years building up a career and climbing up a company hierarchy (even if he is completely capable of doing it; or at least believes so). Instead, he wishes both to retain his creative freedom and earn big money through it, be it through some artistic endeavor or entrepreneurship. It would be, however, wrong to assume that a yuccie is a completely new and previously unseen phenomenon. On the contrary, belief in one’s ability to achieve greatness via personal creative work has always been inherent to American culture, and there always were people trying and succeeding in building their lives this way. But today it feels that whenever you turn you see a young person from a privileged background either leaving a well-paid job to start a small craft brewery, or a digital startup, or to try and write a novel, or something else along the same lines. Thus, yuccies combine features characteristic both of yuppies and hipsters (hence other term sometimes used to define them – yupsters); it wouldn’t be an exaggeration to say that they are a cultural progeny of these two unlikely parents, reflecting the changing world around us. With the Internet becoming an immanent part of our lives, with new technologies opening up new horizons on a daily basis, with all the incredible things that appear every day, it is only logical for creative people (or those who deem themselves creative) to look for ways to harness this flow and not only express themselves, but earn money on the way. Which doesn’t prevent them from being annoying at times.

Media Studies; Policy Management and Media Representation

COM 3029 Media Studies: Policy management and media representation Semester 2, 2012 I, the undersigned, hereby declare that this is my own and personal work, except where the work(s) and publications of others have been acknowledged by means of reference techniques. TABLE OF CONTENTS_______________________________________________________ Declaration 2 Introduction 5 1. MEDIA POLICY AND MEDIA REGULATION 5 2.1 The communication market 5 2.2.1 Liberalisation 5 2.2.2 Privatisation 5 2.2.3 Public enterprise 6 2.2 Internal regulation 11 2.3 External regulation 11 2.4.4 Freedom of the press in South Africa†¦show more content†¦An example of deregulation is the Press Council of South Africa (PCSA) which is a self regulatory independent body that regulates the press. 2.2.3 Privatisation of public tasks and services Privatisation of public tasks and services occurs when previous media which were owned and monitored by the state are now run by a private company. In South Africa, television production and broadcasting is provided by private companies such as DSTV, and ETV and are regulated by ICASA, a government body. The content of television however is handled by the BCCSA, which is a private body. Hence, television production includes both private and state owned companies. In Zimbabwe there is no independent body that regulates the media. There is however, the Broadcasting Authority of Zimbabwe (BAZ). BAZ is meant to operate along the same lines as ICASA, but it is exposed to direct political interference. BAZ is subordinate to the Ministry of Information who is the one who solely at his discretion determines whom and when to issue a licence, the Minister appoints the Board and not the public via parliament as is the case with ICASA, and retains the power to fire and suspend members of t he Board. Due to these reasons, private tasks and services are still not privatised in Zimbabwe, with the government monopolising access to information. 2.2 Internal regulation The first newspaper article is from Newsday, a Zimbabwean dailyShow MoreRelatedThe Theory Of The Glass Ceiling Metaphor Essay1628 Words   |  7 Pagesare judged less favorably when seeking management positions. Moreover, managers are less likely to promote women because of their social responsibility as mothers, which ascribe the primary responsibility of family (Sabharwal, 2015). Role incongruity and the perpetuating masculine stereotype contribute to the challenges women face in leadership positions (Sabharwal, 2015). The social exclusion theory, first used in France, has also been applied to the study of the glass ceiling. 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Asteroids vs. Comets Free Essays

Asteroids vs. Comets Spacecrafts have retrieved extraordinarily valuable information that has furthered the human race’s knowledge of what exists in outer space. However, spacecrafts and shuttles are extremely expensive to build and launch into space so they should be well taken care of. We will write a custom essay sample on Asteroids vs. Comets or any similar topic only for you Order Now Sending a spacecraft to an asteroid is far better and safer than sending a spacecraft to a comet for quite a few different reasons. First, an asteroid is made up of less materials than a comet. Next, comets produce two tails when approaching the Sun. Lastly, an asteroid’s orbit is much more predictable than a comet’s orbit. With these characteristics, asteroids make a better object for spacecrafts to land on rather than comets. A typical asteroid is made up of rock, metal, and iron. The iron causes asteroids to be rock solid with some loose piles of rubble. Comets consist of many different materials such as ice and dust. With less exposed materials, sending a spacecraft to an asteroid instead of a comet reduces unexpected obstacles with the comet’s atmospheric conditions. Having an atmosphere with high levels of water and dust can also make the spacecraft’s maneuvering difficult. An asteroid would be much more suitable for spacecraft maneuvering due to it’s rocky and dry shell. Comets produce two tails when they get closer to the Sun while asteroids produce no tails. These two tails consist of one white tail made of dust and another blue tail containing ionized gas. The Sun’s light creates radiation pressure and when mixed with solar wind, they push the dust and gas outward and away from the Sun thus creating the two tails. Exposing a spacecraft to these conditions can be very detrimental to the exterior and technology of the spacecraft. Which would be very counterproductive and could potentially destroy any evidence recorded. Asteroids, however, are basically big piles of rubble with craters. Spacecrafts would have a much easier time landing on an asteroid as opposed to a comet. Asteroids come from the inner solar system and have a very predictable orbit. All asteroids orbit between Mars and Jupiter in the â€Å"asteroid belt† around the Sun. Some comets may have a predictable orbit, however, there are many ways a comet may be knocked off course. Comets come from the outer solar system where other objects or even passing stars can cause the comet to have a different orbit. Having a more predictable orbit would make a spacecraft mission much easier to map and plan out. It costs around $300 million to send a spacecraft on a mission to space on an interplanetary mission. In this case, asteroids are much better for a spacecraft to take a mission to. Asteroids are made up of less materials that contribute to a dangerous climate which is much more suitable for a spacecraft to maneuver around on. Second, comets produce two tails containing dust and ionized gas which would make it difficult to land a spacecraft on. Last, asteroids have a very predictable orbit while comets can be harder to track and plan a mission to. Asteroids clearly have better qualities for a spacecraft to be sent to. How to cite Asteroids vs. Comets, Essay examples

The Downward Path To Wisdom--A Review Essays - Knowledge

The Downward Path To Wisdom--A Review The Downward Path to Wisdom was, to put it simply, a very confusing story for me to read. I am not exactly sure what message or meaning the author was hoping to pass on to the reader, but it does seem to make the reader feel much pain for little Stephen. Stephen seems to be a resilient young lad. He goes about his daily routines even though he is called dumb and is told how bad and mean he is. Perhaps he doesnt totally understand what his mother and grandmother say, but I know I could understand quite a bit when I was his age. I think he did, but it is not until the end when he sings about hating his family that the reader realizes how smart he actually is. I must say it did surprise me. Another thing that confused me was the time period of the story. It could be a story that takes place in the present, but it also could go back a hundred years, or possibly more. From the dialect, I assume it takes place within the last twenty years or so. Also, I doubt that parents were so cruel to there children many years ago; that is a current problem. Even though The Downward Path to Wisdom was very confusing, I still thought it was a good piece that evoked much emotion within me. [emailprotected]

El Escorial (in Spanish) essays

El Escorial (in Spanish) essays El Valle de los Caà ­dos, ubicado en la Sierra de Guadarrama, en Madrid, Espa El monumento es un templo subterrneo y ataà ºd, con una cruz de granito de casi quinientas piedras que uno puede ver desde treinta millas (Sullivan). La cruz pesa doscientos una mil setecientos cuarenta toneladas. Tiene la misma altura de uno y medio campos de fà ºtbol americano; en adicin tiene manos de cuarenta seis metros. Dentro de las manos, hay tanto espacio para que dos individuos puedan conducir dos coches pequestories de altura (Chutchings). Al trmino del tà ºnel, hay una capilla donde quedan los restos de Francisco Franco y otros. La mayorà ­a de los soldados sepultados aquà ­ son los del ejrcito de Franco. Sin embargo, el là ­der del grupo oposicin ms grande est sepultado allà ­, pero no los de otros grupos oposiciones (Frost). Muchos dicen que el monumento fue construido para honrar a todos los muertos de la guerra civil espalo hay dos nombres conmemorados: los de Francisco Franco y Jos Antonio Primo de Rivera. Otros piensan que es una construccin dedicada al fascismo y al triunfo de Franco en la guerra civil. El monumento fue construido por presos de guerra y ellos gastaron sus energias edificndolo por diecinueve ahoy no interesa a nadie y ...

Definitions and Examples of Old English

Definitions and Examples of Old English Old English was the  language spoken in England from roughly 500 to 1100. Old English (OE) is one of the Germanic languages derived from a prehistoric Common Germanic, which was originally spoken in southern Scandinavia and the northernmost parts of Germany.  Old English is also known as Anglo-Saxon  and is derived from  the names of two of the Germanic tribes that invaded England during the fifth century. The most famous work of Old English literature is the epic poem Beowulf. Example  of Old English The Lords Prayer in Old EnglishFà ¦der ureà °u à °e eart on heofenumsi à °in nama gehalgodto-becume à °in ricegeweorà ¾e à °in willa on eorà °an swa swa on heofenum.Urne ge dà ¦ghwamlican hlaf syle us to-deagand forgyf us ure gyltasswa swa we forgifaà ¾ urum gyltendumane ne gelà ¦de à °u us on costnungeac alys us of yfle.(The Lords Prayer [Our Father] in Old English) On Old English Vocabulary The extent to which the Anglo-Saxons overwhelmed the native Britons is illustrated in their vocabulary...Old English (the name scholars give to the English of the Anglo-Saxons) contains barely a dozen Celtic words...It is impossible...to write a modern English sentence without using a feast of Anglo-Saxon words. Computer analysis of the language has shown that the 100 most common words in English are all of Anglo-Saxon origin. The basic building blocks of an English sentencethe, is, you and so onare Anglo-Saxon. Some Old English words like mann, hus and drincan hardly need translation. (Robert McCrum, William Cram, and Robert MacNeill, The Story of English. Viking, 1986)It has been estimated that only about 3 percent of Old English vocabulary is taken from non-native sources and it is  clear that the  strong preference in Old English was to  use its native resources in order to create new vocabulary. In this respect, therefore, and as elsewhere, Old English is typically Germani c.  (Richard M. Hogg and Rhona Alcorn,  An Introduction to Old English, 2nd ed. Edinburgh University Press, 2012) Although contact with other languages has radically altered the nature of its vocabulary, English today remains a Germanic language at its core. The   words that describe family relationships- father, mother, brother, son- are of Old English descent (compare Modern German Vater, Mutter, Bruder, Sohn), as are the terms for body parts, such as foot, finger, shoulder (German  Fuß, Finger, Schulter), and numerals, one, two, three, four, five (German eins,  zwei, drei, vier, fà ¼nf) as well as its grammatical words, such as and, for, I (German  und, fà ¼r, Ich).  (Simon Horobin,  How English Became English. Oxford University Press, 2016)   ​On Old English and Old Norse Grammar Languages which make extensive use of prepositions and auxiliary verbs and depend upon word order to show other relationships are known as analytic languages. Modern English is an analytic, Old English a synthetic language. In its grammar, Old English resembles modern German. Theoretically, the noun and adjective are inflected for four cases in the singular and four in the plural, although the forms are not always distinctive, and in addition the adjective has separate forms for each of the three genders. The inflection of the verb is less elaborate than that of the Latin verb, but there are distinctive endings for the different persons, numbers, tenses, and moods. (A. C. Baugh, A History of the English Language, 1978)Even before the arrival of the Normans [in 1066],  Old English was  changing. In the Danelaw, the Old Norse of the Viking settlers was combining with the Old English of the Anglo-Saxons in new and interesting ways. In the poem The Battle of Maldon,...grammatical con fusion in the speech of one of the Viking characters has been interpreted by some commentators as an attempt to represent an Old Norse speaker struggling with Old English.  The languages were closely related, and both relied very much on the endings of wordswhat we call inflexionsto signal grammatical information. Often these grammatical inflexions were the main thing that distinguished otherwise similar words in Old English and Old Norse. For example, the word worm or serpent used as the object of a sentence would have been orminn in Old Norse, and simply wyrm in Old English. The result was that as the two communities strove to communicate with each other, the inflexions became blurred and eventually disappeared. The grammatical information that they signaled had to be expressed using different resources, and so the nature of the English language began to change. New reliance was put on the order of words and on the meanings of little grammatical words like to, with, in, over, an d around.  (Carole Hough and John Corbett,  Beginning Old English, 2nd ed. Palgrave Macmillan, 2013​ On Old English and the Alphabet The success of English was all the more surprising in that it was not really a written language, not at first. The Anglo-Saxons used a runic alphabet, the kind of writing J.R.R. Tolkien recreated for The Lord of the Rings, and one more suitable for stone inscriptions than shopping lists. It took the arrival of Christianity to spread literacy and to produce the letters of an alphabet which, with a very few differences, is still in use today. (Philip Gooden, The Story of English. Quercus, 2009) Differences Between Old English and Modern English There is no point...in playing down the differences between Old and Modern English, for they are obvious at a glance. The rules for spelling Old English were different from the rules for spelling Modern English, and that accounts for some of the difference. But there are more substantial changes as well. The three vowels that appeared in the inflectional endings of Old English words were reduced to one in Middle English, and then most inflectional endings disappeared entirely. Most case distinctions were lost; so were most of the endings added to verbs, even while the verb system became more complex, adding such features as a future tense, a perfect and a pluperfect. While the number of endings was reduced, the order of elements within clauses and sentences became more fixed, so that (for example) it came to sound archaic and awkward to place an object before the verb, as Old English had frequently done. (Peter S. Baker, Introduction to Old English. Wiley-Blackwell, 2003 Celtic Influence on English In linguistic terms, obvious Celtic influence on English was minimal, except for place-and river-names...Latin influence was much more important, particularly for vocabulary...However, recent work has revived the suggestion that Celtic may have had considerable effect on low-status, spoken varieties of Old English, effects which only became evident in the morphology and syntax of written English after the Old English period...Advocates of this still controversial approach variously provide some striking evidence of coincidence of forms between Celtic languages and English, a historical framework for contact, parallels from modern creole studies, andsometimesthe suggestion that Celtic influence has been systematically downplayed because of a lingering Victorian concept of condescending English nationalism. (David Denison and Richard Hogg, Overview. A History of the English Language, ed. by Hogg and Denison. Cambridge University Press, 2008) History of the English Language   English LanguageKenningKey Events in the History of the English LanguageLanguage ContactMiddle EnglishModern EnglishMutationSpoken EnglishWritten English

The success attributable to leadership in Compaq Computers and Konica Case Study

The success attributable to leadership in Compaq Computers and Konica Corp - Case Study Example From its beginning until 1991, the company witnessed considerable growth and profit. However, as a result of the intense competition in the market, the company lost momentum and for the first time in its history, the company declared loss in 1991, followed by laying off 1700 employees and cutting the price of the products. However, as the new leader Eckhard Pfeiffer took up the task, he introduced a totally new approach and strategy. On his beginning, as Salazar (1996, p. 638) reports, Pfeiffer declared his seven point strategy that included continuing to be the major global supplier of PCs and systems, PC division introducing new cost-effective and entry level products which are high performing, the system division providing quality service and customer support, maintaining high quality and reliability, high quality customer service and support, a continuously decreasing price of products ensuring competitive prices in all markets, and an increased sales and distribution. A look int o the history of the company proves that the company managed to do all this, and the leadership of Pfeifer in achieving all these in the shortest time cannot be neglected. Pfeiffer’s Success Mantra and What Konica lacked Pfeiffer did not aim at short term management but long term success. His success lies in the fact that he clearly understood what went wrong with the company and he prepared a clear strategy for the company. In addition, he executed what he prepared. According to him, the failure of the company happened because its success made the company rest on its laurels for a while and hence, the company did not notice the signals of the growth of its rivals. So it focused only on the high-end market, keeping is products expensive. However, for Pfeifer, the picture was very clear. He knew what to do. His strategy was to slash prices on high-end products to keep the existing range of customers, and to introduce new entry level, low margin products which are designed to s ell profitably at a price that matches low-cost competitors. Now, it is time to see how Pfeifer managed to introduce the low-priced line in a short time. Similarly, even before it falling into loss, Konica realized the threats ahead, reading from the changes in the market. In the year 1986, Fuji Film had 67.5% of the film market share, and Kodak had an increase in its market share by one percent. However, Konica lost one point of market share, falling from 22% to 21%. In addition, competition on the price of photofinishing was intense. The price of developing the film and the price of color printing were going down considerably for the last five years. So, the estimate was that the mini-labs would handle 25% of the amateur photofinishing market by 1989. In addition, as Turpin and Shen (1999) state, the camera section where Konica had a 5.5% share too was facing intense competition as the markets had matured and as companies were introducing cameras with a lot of new features and whi ch are user-friendly; and the main players in the

Art and Culture Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Art and Culture - Assignment Example It can be anything and everything. The canvas of an artist is not vast, but his scope is and it’s significant to look beneath the surface of art rather than just exploring its medium and texture. The ‘Tutankhamuns Golden Death Mask’ is a spectacular piece of art and is kept in Cairo Museum of Art. The death mask is believed to be of prince Tutankhamun son of Akhtenaten. Tutankhamun was 19 years old when he broke his leg and infection caused his death. The mask is made of 24 pound pure gold, blue-glass and embedded with various precious stones (Historylists.org, 2014). It covered the head and shoulder area of the deceased. This mask is a replica of the dead prince though a little artistically presented, but it creates the ultimate portrait of the deceased prince. To check its resemblance with the late king, mummy of Tutankhamun and the mask were matched, bold lips, prominent nose, well shaped eyes and chin matched with the features of mummy. The most prominent thing about the mask is its youthfulness, which is evident in the mask. Death mask was made to honor the dead young King/ prince and to secure his position in life-after-death. Historylists.org,. (2014). 10 Most Distinguished Works of Ancient Egyptian Art - History Lists. Retrieved 16 September 2014, from

The Portrayal of Women in the Media Essay -- Advertisements Advertisin

The Portrayal of Women in the Media Redbook magazine are devoted to selling products ranging from shoes to shampoo. The entire magazine only has only 210 pages. Approximately 6-8 min of every half hour television show is produced by ad agencies. Americans are bombarded with advertisements. We see them everyday in many different forms and through different mediums. Advertisers study America’s population through a systematic breakdown and analysis of our likes and dislikes in relation to our differences. These differences include gender, sexual orientation, economic status, location, race, ethnicity, and more. Advertisers have substantial knowledge of what appeals to each of these demographics and how these demographics will respond to different stimuli (i.e. visual audio, ect.) as well as where the advertising will be most effective. In other words, advertisers find it more beneficial to target specific audiences (Furnham; Mak, 1999). One of the central audiences that advertisers focus their attention on is women. Being such a large part of society, American women are targeted along with every other group. Ads placed where women are most likely to see them are custom tailored for women. Studies give ad agencies an accurate idea of what it is that they need to show women in order to get them to buy their product and their brand. If these ads can improve a woman’s mood her increased euphoria will subliminally be linked with the stimulus (the ad). This will, in turn, have a positive effect on their attitudes toward the product and brand (Simpson; Horton, 1996). There are several strategies that are popular in both television and magazines, many of which involve images of men. Advertisers use images of men by themselves or in a variety of positions and settings to appeal to women. By far, the most common image of men in advertising is of that of the â€Å"young, white, able-bodied, and staunchly heterosex ual† man (Jackson, 1994). The vast amount companies spend to advertise is proof in itself; these ads sell products. It should be noted that all television commercials analyzed in this paper come from the Lifetime network between 1pm and 3pm. The slogan of this network is â€Å"Lifetime: Television for Women†. Basic Gender Differences Studies involving both normal and brain damaged individuals have shown associations between gender and neuralgic activity... ...Dennis A.; Cornish, Ian M. â€Å"Conservatism and Gender in the Perception of Sex-Roles in Television Advertisements†. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1993, Vol. 77, p642. Melvin, Thomas E.; Treiber, Linda A. â€Å"Race, Gender, and Status: A Content Analysis of Print Advertisements in Four Popular Magazines†. Sociological Spectrum. Jul-Sep 2000, Vol. 20, Issue 3, p357. Meyers-Levy, Joan. â€Å"Gender Differences in Cortical Organization: Social and Biochemical Antecedents and Advertising Consequences†. Ed. Eddie M. Clark et al. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994. Prakash, Ved. â€Å"Sex Roles and Advertising Preferences†. Journal of Advertising Research. May/Jun 1992, Vol. 32, Issue 3, p43. Simpson, Penny M.; Horton, Steve. â€Å"Male Nudity in Advertisements: A modified Replication and Extension of Gender and Product Effects†. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. Summer 1996, Vol. 24, Issue 3, p257. Stern, Barbara B.; Holbrook, Morris B. â€Å"Gender and Genre in the Interpretation of Advertising Text†. Gender Issues and Consumer Behavior. Ed. Janeen Arnold Costa. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1994. Sutherland, Max. Advertising and the Mind of the Consumer. St. Leonards: Allen and Unwin, 1993. The Portrayal of Women in the Media Essay -- Advertisements Advertisin The Portrayal of Women in the Media Redbook magazine are devoted to selling products ranging from shoes to shampoo. The entire magazine only has only 210 pages. Approximately 6-8 min of every half hour television show is produced by ad agencies. Americans are bombarded with advertisements. We see them everyday in many different forms and through different mediums. Advertisers study America’s population through a systematic breakdown and analysis of our likes and dislikes in relation to our differences. These differences include gender, sexual orientation, economic status, location, race, ethnicity, and more. Advertisers have substantial knowledge of what appeals to each of these demographics and how these demographics will respond to different stimuli (i.e. visual audio, ect.) as well as where the advertising will be most effective. In other words, advertisers find it more beneficial to target specific audiences (Furnham; Mak, 1999). One of the central audiences that advertisers focus their attention on is women. Being such a large part of society, American women are targeted along with every other group. Ads placed where women are most likely to see them are custom tailored for women. Studies give ad agencies an accurate idea of what it is that they need to show women in order to get them to buy their product and their brand. If these ads can improve a woman’s mood her increased euphoria will subliminally be linked with the stimulus (the ad). This will, in turn, have a positive effect on their attitudes toward the product and brand (Simpson; Horton, 1996). There are several strategies that are popular in both television and magazines, many of which involve images of men. Advertisers use images of men by themselves or in a variety of positions and settings to appeal to women. By far, the most common image of men in advertising is of that of the â€Å"young, white, able-bodied, and staunchly heterosex ual† man (Jackson, 1994). The vast amount companies spend to advertise is proof in itself; these ads sell products. It should be noted that all television commercials analyzed in this paper come from the Lifetime network between 1pm and 3pm. The slogan of this network is â€Å"Lifetime: Television for Women†. Basic Gender Differences Studies involving both normal and brain damaged individuals have shown associations between gender and neuralgic activity... ...Dennis A.; Cornish, Ian M. â€Å"Conservatism and Gender in the Perception of Sex-Roles in Television Advertisements†. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1993, Vol. 77, p642. Melvin, Thomas E.; Treiber, Linda A. â€Å"Race, Gender, and Status: A Content Analysis of Print Advertisements in Four Popular Magazines†. Sociological Spectrum. Jul-Sep 2000, Vol. 20, Issue 3, p357. Meyers-Levy, Joan. â€Å"Gender Differences in Cortical Organization: Social and Biochemical Antecedents and Advertising Consequences†. Ed. Eddie M. Clark et al. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994. Prakash, Ved. â€Å"Sex Roles and Advertising Preferences†. Journal of Advertising Research. May/Jun 1992, Vol. 32, Issue 3, p43. Simpson, Penny M.; Horton, Steve. â€Å"Male Nudity in Advertisements: A modified Replication and Extension of Gender and Product Effects†. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. Summer 1996, Vol. 24, Issue 3, p257. Stern, Barbara B.; Holbrook, Morris B. â€Å"Gender and Genre in the Interpretation of Advertising Text†. Gender Issues and Consumer Behavior. Ed. Janeen Arnold Costa. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1994. Sutherland, Max. Advertising and the Mind of the Consumer. St. Leonards: Allen and Unwin, 1993.

Godiva Hong Marketing Plan

Marketing Plan for GODIVA HONG in the Netherlands GODIVA HONG Chocolate therapy   Introduction This report consists of a situational analysis and a potential market analysis of Godiva Hong. This report is prepared by the RBS Marketing Consulting Firm. RBS is the only authorized marketing strategic partner of GODIVA in Europe.The purpose of this report is to attain insight into the success-increasing factors (strengths) and the value-decreasing (weaknesses) factors of introducing Godiva Hong to the Netherlands, and produce a feasible marketing strategy with which the product can be introduced. The analysis is done with the help of a SWOT-analysis. The market environment consists of both the macro environment and the micro environment. The structure of this marketing plan is based partly on the structure presented in Export business plan The Netherlands (2009). 2] Other academic books referenced for this report’s structure and data will be stated in the reference. 1. Profile 1 . Company Profile The Godiva Company was founded in Belgium in 1926 for the production and retail confectionary products. The company was founded by Joseph Draps and was named after Lady Godiva; â€Å"a woman of great generosity and beauty left an indelible impression upon the people she reigned over in Coventry† (Godiva: 2012). [3] Since its inception the company has kept to its tradition of making chocolates with â€Å"a unique formula of rich chocolate with unparalleled smoothness† (Godiva: 2012). 3] The company has maintained its image of confectionery excellence by paying careful attention to quality, innovation and design, evidence of the latter can be seen through their exquisite European-style gold ballotins and handcrafted seasonal packaging. Till date the company owns and operates over 450 retail shops and boutiques worldwide and issues out six seasonal mail order catalogs yearly (Godiva: 2012). [3] 2. Company Product Godiva offers a wide range of products fr om chocolate assortments and truffles; chocolate bars; chocolate treats; biscuits, coffee, and cocoa; dark, milk, and white chocolate gifts to baked desserts.The company just recently started producing a line of cocktails called Godiva Liqueur (Godiva: 2012). [3] The company Godiva, plan on introducing a new line of chocolates onto the Dutch market in 2012. The new product is called Godiva Hong. The product is a special blend of Chinese red bean paste with a rich dark chocolate coating. The product seeks to blend the traditional exquisite look, smell and delicious taste of Godiva chocolates with an equally tasty red bean paste that has health benefits. The name â€Å"Hong† was given to give the product an oriental feel. Hong means red in Chinese and the color symbolizes luxury and joy. 3.Company Mission â€Å"A passion for innovation and luxury combined with a truly memorable experience contained in each mouthful has made Godiva legendary. † (Godiva 2012) [3] 2. DESTEP analysis 1. Demographic Analysis: According to CBS, the Netherlands is the 27th most densely populated country in the world. The 16 million Dutch men and women are concentrated on an area of 41, 52 km?. This means that the country has a population density of 397 per km?. The emigration rate in the Netherlands is high, for this reason the population growth is expected to decrease while the aging of the population is expected to increase. Education levelAccording to the OECD Health data, the Netherlands has a relatively the high education rate compared to other countries in Europe. 21 % of the educated population has university degrees. Eating and buying habits Dutch consumers have diverging eating and buying habits, consumers are paying more and more attention to having a healthier lifestyle. They are eating healthier, exercising more and as a result of globalization are welcoming healthy foods and trends from other cultures (Terry B. , 2012) 2. Economic Analysis. The economical str ucture of The Netherlands is characterized as open, outward-looking and thinking out of the box.The Dutch economy has a strong international focus, as the Netherlands is one of the European Union's most dynamic centers of trade and industry. Owing largely to its favorable location by the North Sea, it plays a key role as a main port and distribution centre for companies operating worldwide. Amsterdam's Schiphol Airport is one of the largest airports in Europe. For these reasons the Netherlands is often called, the Gateway to Europe. (Diane L. , 2011). [3]On the other hand economic growth declined in by 0. 9% in the 4th quarter of 2008. According to CBS, the economy declined a further 3. 50 % in 2009 and another 0. 5 % in 2010. (Svend H. , 2008) Purchasing power In figure 1 shows a chart of consumer purchasing power in the Netherlands. It can be observed from this chart that before the recession consumers had a high purchasing power. (Terry B. , 2011) Fig. 1 Purchasing power of consu mers in the Netherlands | |Purchasing Power developments | |Periods |% | |2004 ~ 2005 |-0. | |2005 ~ 2006 |3 | |2006 ~ 2007 |3. 1 | |2007 ~ 2008 |0. 3 | |2008 ~ 2009 |1. | |CBS, 7-12-2009 | | 3. Social and environmental Analysis Dutch people are open-minded; they are adaptable and welcome or often embrace new cultures from all over the world. (Diane L. , 2011). [2]Majority of the people in the Netherlands speak English and more often than not other European languages. Dutch people tend to be very private; this however does not mean they are not welcoming simply value their privacy and respecting the privacy of others.The Dutch are also not known for their display of wealth for this reason it is very hard to distinguish between the well to do and poor in the Dutch society. 4. Technological Analysis Modern technology has been a major cause of the change in living standards in most countries. The Netherlands like many other developed countries has taken full advantage of this phenomeno n to create a seemingly comfortable life for its citizens. One of the key tools that have played a monumental part in this transformation has been the internet.Since the creation of the World Wide Web in the early 1990s, the Internet has been transformed from a mere communication tool into an undeniably incredible technology. The internet has since single handedly managed to revolutionize the way communication, business is done in today’s world. Since its inception, many tools have been developed to enable the conduction of business through the internet; one of which is e-commerce. E-commerce is a collective term used to describe the various methods of making online payments. E-commerce makes trading convenient and substantially reduces the costs involved in making trades. . Ecological Analysis The ecological rules for doing business in the Netherlands have been tightened in recent years; environmental health and safety have become very important. Businesses that wish to oper ate in the Netherlands have to adhere to these strict rules (HACCP rules) or face sanctions and fines. The ISO standard was introduced in the Netherlands in 2005. The ISO standards have a lot of requirements for management systems for the food industry in the Netherlands, these help to ensure safety in food chains. Alternative packagingAlternative packaging is a hot topic in the fast consuming goods industry. Paper, tinned paper, paper box and plastic box are still frequently used in chocolate industry. However, in recent years, moves have been made to replace paper with PP material, which is cheap and excellent at protecting chocolate from heat. On the other hand PP material ages easily and has a tendency to break in low temperatures. 6. Political The Dutch government is what one calls a â€Å"monarchical government†, meaning that it is not only comprised of the ministers and the state secretaries, but also the monarch, Queen Beatrix.Another term for describing this is: a co nstitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system, whereby the constitution has determined how the powers are divided between the Queen and the other institutions of the government. (Holland Handbook, 2011) [2] The cabinet’s responsibilities are: preparing and implementing legislation, overseeing the local government, carrying out the day-to-day business of government and maintaining international relationship. There are two houses (the Lower House and the Upper House) in the Parliament.The Lower House is elected directly by people and the Upper House are elected by the members of the provincial councils. The two Houses of Parliament have been given 4 rights: the right to set a budget; the right of interpellation; the right to put questions to ministers and state secretaries; and the right of inquiry. Furthermore, the Lower House has been given two additional rights: the right of amendment and the right to propose legislation. (Holland Handbook, 2011)[2] The Netherlands not o nly has a central government, but also provincial and municipal government and the water boards.The central government is responsible for national interest. The provincial government concerns social work, cultural events, environmental management, energy and sports. The municipal governments occupies traffic, housing, social services, health care, water supply, education and recreation. In order to secure these activities, the provincial government and the municipal government receive fund from the central government and levy tax. The aspect is deserve to be noticed before launching a marketing plan is the Netherlands operates the same taxation system as all European countries.Currently, the standard VAT rate is EU is 19% with a reduced rate of 6% only applying for certain goods and Service. (Government Profile: 2011) Upon business-based aspect of Dutch politics, a change of government does not usually impact domestic and international business dramatically. All in all, the Netherla nds, as a the gateway to Europe, the government protects and supports its development by emphasizing strongly on tax law, health, labor, company , commercial, civil, environment and intellectual property matters. 3. Competitive Analysis-Applying Porter’s five forces . 1 Threat of new entrants The threat of new entrants to Godiva can be analyzed from the following aspects: Supply-side economies of scale; Godiva chocolates are produced in Belgium and the USA to satisfy demand worldwide. However, the company’s products which are specialty goods are not produced on a large scale, this results in the fixed costs per unit being relatively high. A new entrant could use this to their advantage by producing relatively more and competing on price. Capital requirement; a large sum of money is needed to establish a complete producing line.A new entrant will have to fund, fixed costs such as factory and machines, variable costs such as raw material, labor force, and advertisements. In addition, chocolate distribution is not easy. Special considerations like the temperature, and damage during transportation, will need to be taken into consideration. This will demand more requirements from a Third Part Logistics provider which will result in a high distribution fee. When all these factors are considered, the threat of new entrants to Godiva is not high. 3. 2 Bargaining power of suppliers The bargaining power of Godiva’s supplier is high.The reasons are numerous. The key raw material for the production of chocolates is cocoa beans; these are grown in South America, Africa, and Middle East Asia. However, Godiva uses only high quality cocoa beans in the production of its chocolates and these are hard to come by, so once a supplier is selected, a corporative relationship is cultivated in order to maintain a long business relationship. The bargaining power of raw material supplier is therefore high; since the supplier can easily decide to sell his cocoa beans to Godiva’s competitors. 3. 3 Bargaining power of buyersThe diversity and highly differentiated chocolate products of Godiva keep the bargaining power of customer at a low level. As one of the most famous Belgian chocolate producers with loyal customers worldwide, when buyers think of buying chocolate with wonderful flavors and elegant packaging, they think Godiva. Same as Victoria’s secret and Starbucks, Godiva mainly focus on creating surprise, passion, and excitement around its brand (Philip Kotler, 2008). [9] It is also difficult for buyers to integrate forwards into Godiva due to its special handmade product line.The bargaining power of buyers is therefore low. 3. 4 Threat of substitutes Although current market full of hundreds of chocolate producers with very competitive products, Godiva still has a stable market share. Godiva achieved this by positioning its self away from mass markets and associating its brand with other luxury brands like Armani Exchange, Vic toria’s secret, Bose, Tiffany & Co, Coach, and so on. These companies share common characteristics, such as portrayal of desirable luxury in their product design or taste and their high, but not too expensive price range.Godiva does not consider mass market products like Mars and Snickers its substitutes but rather luxury gift items like champagne, expensive jewelry or products from other high-end chocolate brands like Guylian, Neuhaus, and Leonidas, when these other product are considered the potential threat is high. 3. 5 Industry competitors The industry competitors at the same level as Godiva are few. However, Godiva’s product assortments are more deeply differentiated than that of the others. The cost of switching from other brands to Godiva for a customer is relatively low.Godiva spreads its fixed costs per unit by producing large quantities compared to its competitors; because of this Godiva’s prices have remained competitive. In addition, Godiva has over 450 special stores and more than 1000 retail shops, which have already taken up a sizeable market share. All these factors considered makes Godiva’s, exit barrier relatively low. However, rivalry is expected to intensify when competitors launch marketing strategies such as price changing, publishing new products, and improving customer service.Especially during special holidays like Easter, each company will launch new product to attract more market segments. 4. Competitor’s analysis Among the competitor’s list, the strong competitors of Godiva in the Netherlands are: Neuhaus, Leonidas and Guylian 1. Competitor one: Guylian Guylian chocolates are sold in over 100 countries across Europe, Asia, Australia and America. It is one of the top ten best selling boxed chocolate brands, and often seen on  Valentine’s day, Mother's day, Easter, Christmas and other popular holidays. 17] Products: Guylian's chocolates range includes the world famous chocolate Sea S hells, truffles, assorted pralines, bars and many other gourmet creations. All made in  Belgium with the finest Belgian chocolate. Strengths: †¢ Strong brand names; †¢ High quality chocolate made by pure cocoa butter; †¢ Highly distinctive chocolate like Sea shells and sea horse, sugar-free dark chocolate ; †¢ Available in most major high street retailers, including supermarkets, hypermarkets, department stores, specialty food stores, petrol stations, duty free shops. Weaknesses online-shop are not available Marketing strategy: †¢ Constantly launching new accessories to meet customer’s special requirement. Special holidays, for instance, Guylian designed new greeting cards and chocolate boxes to enrich their product display. †¢ Enhance product line by producing luxury sea shells and sea horse chocolate. †¢ Enhance public realization through taking part in different product exhibitions and social activities. 4. 2 Competitor two: Neuhaus The Neuhaus group is an independent manufacturer of pralines and other chocolate delicacies in the luxury chocolate sector.It is established in over 50 countries with 1500 sales outlets. [10] Products: Neuhaus’s chocolate products consist of Pralines, Ice Cream, Confectionery, Boxes, and other chocolate. Strengths: †¢ Very strong brand name which has over 100 years Belgium Royal chocolate; †¢ Deeply differentiated product line; Concentrated on their core products; †¢ Neuhaus products are available in many boutiques, department stores, shopping centers, airports and online-shopping center. †¢ Favorable access to distribution networks; Well organized online customer service Weakness: †¢ Fewer specialty stores in the Netherlands. †¢ Price is comparatively high. †¢ Niche market share Marketing Strategy: †¢ Focus on their core business; †¢ Special customer service: offer corporate discounts starting for order of $1000 or above; Provide fre e customize gift card with logo ; †¢ Use newsletter to receive customer’s feedback and improve their products. Guarantee customer’s buying chocolate will be delivered next morning. 4. 3 Competitor three: LeonidasLeonidas is a world-renowned chocolate maker. It is famous for its freshness, generosity and traditional taste. It’s selling over 100 different kinds of Belgian chocolate through 1,400 outlets around the world. [11] Product: Butter cream chocolates; Special cream chocolates; Ganache chocolates; candied fruit; Marzipan; Liqueur cream chocolates; Cream caramel chocolates; Pralines; Plain chocolate Strengths †¢ Clarify assortment of products according to ingredients, design, occasions and taste. †¢ Good reputation among customers With 250 specialty stores in the Netherlands, customers can buy their products at any city †¢ Price is acceptable even for personal consumption Weaknesses †¢ Online shop is not available; †¢ European m arket too saturated Marketing Strategy †¢ Launched a new premium product line â€Å"L†, smaller and more refined chocolate, similar to Godiva’s ‘G’ collection (Chang Sub Kim, Deyeon Kim, March, 2008) †¢ Clear organization mission: A century of freshness, generosity and tradition †¢ Large number of shops to create a sense of â€Å"A word of chocolate is closer than you think† for customer . SWOT ANALYSIS | |Strengths |Weaknesses | |Environme| | | |ntal | | | | | | | | |.Efficient and effective distribution channels and | ·New taste | | |systems | | | | ·High-quality product | | | | ·Healthy product | | | |. High market share | | | |.Unique taste | | | |. Unique design | | | |. Product specialty | | | |. Existing marketing policy | | | |. High market share | | | |.New Marketing policy | | |Organizat|Opportunities |Threats | |ional | | | | | | | | | | | | | ·Expanding the market |.Substitute product | | |. Product Diversification |. Competitors | | | |. Product extension | 5. 1 Strength: Healthy product: Godiva Hong is has health benefits; according to Chinese medicine the red beans that we will used in the new chocolates have health improving effects. Scientific research has proven that the red beans are a good source of protein, soluble (and insoluble) fiber, folate (vitamin B12), magnesium, potassium and a number of other health promoting nutrients.The researchers concluded that it reduces heart attack by more than 80% [16]. According to USDA researcher Ronald Prior, red beans contain even more proanthocyanidins than blueberries, cranberries, and small beans [16]. So it is one of our most important strong points that we will be providing health with taste. High quality: Godiva is already famous for its high quality products. Godiva Hong, will offer customers the same quality in taste and exquisite design of its packaging. Godiva considers its quality as one of its strengths because it already has a satis fied amount of targeted consumers; its experience in this field becomes its strength.Efficient and effective distribution channels and systems: Godiva has a very efficient and effective distribution system. Godiva Hong can be ordered online from Godiva’s official website or other websites. It can also be ordered via telephone. Existing marketing policy: Godiva has various strategies for marketing its products. The company has its own website that has a web shop, they also have a catalogue system; their catalogs are released usually in the fall, holiday, Valentine's Day, Easter, spring, Mother's Day and summer periods. During the holidays 10 million books are circulated. Godiva's most recent data card lists 35,200 catalog buyers from the last 12 months.They are also well equipped with seasonal promotional offers and strong media coverage policy. [13] This existing marketing policy will be used to help promote Godiva Hong. Unique taste: The new product has a rich chocolate coat ing outside with traditional Godiva flavor and a red bean paste inside. It will have an aroma that evokes interest, curiosity. The product will merge the unique taste of sweetened red bean with the traditional rich taste of Godiva dark chocolates. Unique design: The packaging for Godiva Hong will be an elegantly designed bamboo box covered in red silk. In Chinese tradition the color red symbolizes warmth, passion and luxury.The design and color of our package is to stir up these feelings in our clients. The use of Chinese materials in the packets of Godiva Hong will give it a unique texture [pic] Product specialty: The color and all other materials that will be used for Godiva Hong will represent the brand’s luxury and excellence. Color, design, materials of Godiva Hong will be a perfect representative of Chinese culture also. High market share: According to the annual report of 2006 Godiva’s market share is in good position and its increasing [15]. So it is a strong p oint for the new product. Well organized Godiva boutique established its image as a luxury good; it attracts a huge amount of customer.We will make it stronger using our effective marketing policy. New Marketing policy: Godiva has media plans including image and tactical print in various magazines such as Vogue, In Style, Harper's and Vanity Fair, and also regional newspapers during the holidays. Direct mailing is done to support some product launches [13]. Exhibitions will also be organized in several shopping centers and our boutiques, free samples will be given to current customers when they visit our boutiques to buy our other well-known products. Godiva Hong will also use product placement and sponsorship to meet its objectives. 5. 2 Weakness New taste: Our main weakness is the new unfamiliar taste.This taste is familiar with Chinese people but for European people it will be a totally new taste. It is a weakness that we need to overcome by promoting this new taste in an attract ive manner: Well organized promotion, attractive packaging and designing. We will also maintain and combine the existing taste with the new product and also the same aroma so that the existing customer can identify this new product as a part of Godiva. 5. 3 Opportunities Expanding the market: After Godiva Hong has gained enough recognition with the current customers of Godiva, the target market will be expanded to include young customers (20-30) to expand our customer segment. Product Diversification:We will diversify our product portfolio in future by promoting more new taste inside Godiva chocolate. This will open an opportunity for us to enrich our market share. Product extension: In future we will look forward to extend our product to more diverse product line. We will make Ice-cream Hong, Candy Hong and more. 5. 4 Threats Substitute product: Godiva Hong is a luxury product, the company considers other luxury products like Champaign or flower bucket its substitute. The relative price and performance of these substitute products are a threat. Still we can overcome this threat by maintaining our customer oriented marketing policy. Competitors:In Netherlands competitors like Neuhaus, Leonidas and Guylian are able to cause great threat to Godiva because of their brand positioning and quality production. Still we can overcome this threat by establishing the uniqueness of the new chocolates with the new unique taste and its strong brand positioning policy. 6. Marketing Strategy 6. 1Marketing Objective 6. 1. 1 Awareness Objective In 2012, Godiva will embark on a campaign to introduce its customers in the Netherlands to a new line of oriental themed chocolates called Godiva Hong. 6. 1. 2 Sales Objectives †¢ Increase overall brand sales by 3% with the introduction of Godiva Hong by the second quarter of 2014. Widen target market for Godiva Hong by focusing mainly on young adults (ages 20 – 30) by 2016. 6. 2 Marketing Strategy Since Godiva Hong is a new product, creating awareness for it will take a front seat in the company’s promotional activities. The product will be introduced through Advertisements, Exhibitions and Social Media. The product will primarily be introduced on the company’s website and its customer catalogs. The advertising for Godiva Hong will focus on staying true to Godiva’s position as a high end chocolate brand that is unique and glamorous. The adverts will appeal to the customer’s emotions by branding the product as a luxury treat.The adverts will be telecast on all major Dutch television channels at prime times. There will also be adverts about Godiva Hong placed in luxury magazines the company already advertises in; they include Vogue, Forbes, In Style, Harper's and Vanity Fair. The company will strike a deal with KLM to distribute free samples of Godiva Hong to their first class passengers. A similar deal will be struck with some 5 star hotels in the Netherlands to put free samp les of Godiva Hong in welcome baskets. Exhibitions will also be organized in several shopping centers and our boutiques, free samples will be given to current customers when they visit our boutiques to buy our other well known products.These exhibitions will also be used to attract new customers, and will give the company the opportunity to get feedback from our customers on what they think of the new product. The sales objective will be achieved with the aid of social media. Through data and tests conducted in the past the company has managed to form a very good picture of who its current customers are. Through these tests they know demographic figures such as, 75% of our current customers are over the age of 32, 60% have children; more than 85% have completed college. They also gathered some psychographic information such as these customers love to indulge but are still health conscious.With the aid of this data, the company will communicate individually with these clients through social media (Face book, Twitter and blogs). The new product Godiva Hong will be introduced to them, as a treat with exquisite taste, the health benefits of the new product will also be emphasized while asking them questions and using their responses to improve on the marketing strategy. Godiva will also use product placement and sponsorship to meet its market expansion objectives. The company will hire the services of popular Dutch celebrities like artistes Nick and Simon by placing the new Godiva Hong in some of their videos. This strategy is to help make Godiva Hong attractive to young adults.These are the tools Godiva will use to meet its marketing objectives for Godiva Hong. The company will focus first on its current clients and when enough attention has been created on the product in that domain it will widen its target market to include young adults. 6. 3 Target market and Positioning The people of Netherlands like other European countries will continue to embrace the consu mption chocolates in search of indulgence. In recent years, chocolate consumption is being enhanced by a growing demand for healthier, higher quality products that incorporate new tastes. These circumstances in the Dutch market offer a good opportunity for confectionery products like Godiva Hong.When Godiva Hong is introduced its primary target market will be the current customers of Godiva products in the Netherlands. After the product has gained recognition and acceptance from the current flock of Godiva customers the target market will then be widened to include young adult (people between the ages of 20 and 30 who have just started working careers). Godiva Hong like all other Godiva products is an upscale luxury product, and like the other products will be positioned as such. The aim is to strengthen the products position as a high-end product that customers will be proud to buy. 7. Marketing action plan 7. 1 Description of productGodiva Hong is an oriental themed chocolate with sweetened red bean paste and a rich dark chocolate coating. Instead of traditional nut, alcohol, walnut or jam filling, GOVIDA is going to use sweetened red bean paste. It is a healthy traditional Chinese filling in Baozi, Zongzi, Yuanxiao, moon cakes and other snack. It is sweet, soft and melts smoothly in the mouth. The packaging for Godiva Hong is an elegantly designed bamboo box covered in red silk. 7. 1. 1 Product Classification Godiva already has several different product lines: chocolate assortments and truffles; chocolate bars; chocolate treats; biscuits, coffee, and cocoa; dark, milk, and white chocolate gifts; and baked desserts.Godiva Hong is a new product with a brand extension strategy that appeals to existing market. It is a new product in the chocolate collections& treats product line. In addition to chocolates, Godiva also sells truffles, coffee, cocoa, biscuits, dipped fruits and sweets, chocolate liqueur, shakes, wedding and party favors and other items arranged i n gift baskets. Godiva's signature package is the Gold Ballotin (French for â€Å"small, elegant box of chocolates†). Godiva also produces seasonal and limited-edition chocolates with special packaging for all major holidays. Godiva also has license for the production of ice cream, cheesecake, coffee pods and liqueur that comes in several chocolate-related flavors. (Godiva, 2012) 7. 1. Package Because the target market of Godiva Hong is middle and high class people, the packaging was designed to unique and elegant in order to evoke a sense of luxury. Chinese elements were added to the design in order to give an inclination to the origin of the product: †¢ On the wrapping paper or baskets, the Chinese knotting will be presented. †¢ Also environmentally friendly, materials such as bamboo will be used in the design for the packaging †¢ So our traditional package for present product line is better changed as red for main color. 7. 1. 3 Service Several special servi ces are provided as follows: †¢ Online and telephone order.Customers can order Godiva Hong online or via telephone, due to a standing contract the Godiva company has with UPS they can be assured of a timely delivery. †¢ Gift card. Beautiful gift cards and exquisitely-designed packages can be sent with every order at the customers’ request. †¢ Unique design. Customers can get involved in the production of their chocolate orders by designing the chocolate shapes themselves with the aid of our chocolate design software online. †¢ Name and blessings. Names and blessings can be carved into the chocolates or the packaging upon the customer’s request. 7. 2 Price The main purpose of price strategy is to price Godiva Hong at an acceptable level, while aiding in the promotion of the product 7. 2. 1 Pricing strategy for GodivaGodiva Hong seeks to attract customers who are willing and proud to pay a little more for high quality product. Our target customers are the current Godiva customers; mainly middle and high class people who are looking for high quality chocolates as gifts for birthday, wedding, special events and business purposes. The price of Godiva products has stayed stable over many years. This proves Godiva has a strong brand image that does not compete on price. 7. 2. 2 Pricing for Godiva Hong Godiva Hong is a new product with a brand extension strategy that appeals to existing market. So, the price of our new product will be set to meet the consistency of existing product in the chocolate collections& treats product line.Price for Godiva Hong |Beaded Easter Egg |â‚ ¬25 | |Enchanted Easter Gift Basket |â‚ ¬90 | |Signature Chocolate Truffle Assortment |â‚ ¬40 | |Gift Box |â‚ ¬30~â‚ ¬70 of different sizes | |Delights Gift Basket with Spring |â‚ ¬75 |Price for Godiva Hong and competitors (cooperation as small size gift box) |Godiva Hong |â‚ ¬40 | |Neuhaus |â‚ ¬48 | |Leonidas |â‚ ¬36 | |Guylian |â‚ ¬ 20 | [10][11][17] 7. 3 Place The main purpose of our place strategy is to choose the best distribution channels to sell Godiva Hong. 7. 3. 1 Traditional distribution channel:local malls Thanks to our existing local malls which provide maturity distribution channels, Godiva Hong can be bought wherever and whenever the customers want to purchase it. 7. 3. 2 New distribution channel: online and telephone orderIn recent years, online and telephone orders have attracted a lot of attention. According to Godiva’s last marketing report, the quantity of orders through these two new distribution channels is increasing year by year. So, it is a good choice to sell Godiva Hong also through these two new distribution channels. The customer can just log in our online order website to buy chocolate as the follow: http://www. godiva-online-store. eu/index-en. htm. Due to the contract with UPS a timely delivery is assured. Other services provided on the website are gift cards. The customers c an just buy it on the website. It has â‚ ¬30, â‚ ¬50, â‚ ¬100 different choices. 7. 3. 3 New distribution channel: co-worker websiteThe customers can also buy Godiva Hong on other websites as follows: †¢ Gift for euro †¢ Pick up flowers †¢ Gifts n ideas These website are co-operating with our company. So the customers can buy Godiva Hong from these websites when they buy some other gifts and flowers. 7. 3. 4 New distribution channel: Fashion event& business press release Godiva is co-operating with event organizers for fashion shows and business press releases. Association with these events is to aid in the extension of Godiva Hong’s the popularity as a luxury brand. Also, the patrons of these events make up our core clients so, sales could also be generated by selling Godiva Hong at these events. 7. 4. PromotionThe main purpose of our promotion strategy is to introduce Godiva Hong to existing customers and potential consumers. 7. 4. 1 Marketing channe l: advertisements Advertising is Godiva’s traditional marketing channel. Advertisements have had tremendous impact on sale of Godiva products. So we will still adapt this marketing channel. The commercial advertising will be concentrated in following Medias: †¢ Television. The period of time that we will advertisement will be related to special event such as Easter, Queen's Day. †¢ Magazine. The magazines that we will consider are included Vogue, Forbes, In Style, Harper's and Vanity Fair this kind of high-fashion magazines. †¢ Internet including social media.Social Media channels such as face book or twitter will be used to communicate to our clients individually on the merits of Godiva Hong. 7. 4. 2 Marketing channel: The shopping center exhibition Promotional exhibitions are also an important marketing channel for Godiva. It is soon April. Several holidays, such as Easter, Queen's Day, are in the April. We will have promotional events in shopping centers whe re our shops exist. The customers can have tasting sessions for Godiva Hong in our shop for free. Feedback will be gathered from them on how to further improve the product or its marketing strategy 7. 4. 3 Free sample delivery Several main strategies are implemented to improve the popularity of Godiva Hong for the first three months. Strategy one:Existing customers, who will buy our traditional products, will have a small Godiva Hong sample for free. Strategy two: According to the last six months order records, the Godiva Hong sample will be sent to those customers as a gift, who ordered other products of chocolate gift baskets, seasonal gifts, gifts by occasion and business gifts product lines. Strategy three: In the airport, the Godiva Hong sample will be provided in the first class of KLM. Strategy four: In some international 5-star chain hotels, the Godiva Hong sample will be provided as a gift in the welcoming basket. Bibliography and References [1] Cougar, 2005, Godiva Case St udy, Strategic Issues, Problems, and Opportunities, [online], http://www. oppapers. om/essays/Godiva-Case-Study/65561, [accessed 15th Mar. 2012] [2] Diane L. , 2011, Holland Handbook, 2nd, EXPT Media,, Rotterdam, Netherlands [3] Godiva, 2012, Godiva Chocolatier Inc, [online], http://www. godiva. com/category/chocolate-collections-treats/id/131. gdv, [accessed 15th Mar 2012] [4] Ilhantek, 2006, Godiva Europe, Problems, [online], http://www. oppapers. com/essays/Godiva-Europe/90574, [accessed 15th Mar 2012] [5] Lofthouse, R. 2007. Luxury chocolate is piling on the pounds as Godiva becomes the latest to tempt buyers. The Business. [online]. [Published 18 August 2007]. Available from: http://www. factiva. com [accessed 15th Mar 2012]. [6] Milmo, C. 2007.The capital gains: London is the new plutocrats’ paradise. The Independent. [online]. [Published 8 February 2007]. Available from: http://www. factiva. com [accessed 15th Mar 2012]. [7] Moskow, R. & Aquino, P. 2007. Campbell Soup Company: Godiva may gallop off. Credit Suisse Equity Research, [accessed 15th Mar 2012]. [8] Wikipedia, 2012, Godiva Chocolatier, [online], http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Godiva_Chocolatier, [accessed 15th Mar 2012] [9] Philip Kotler and Gary Armsrtong (2008), Principle Of Marketing 12th Ed, P232, Pearson Education. New Jersey 07458, U. S. A Chang Sub Kim, Deyeon Kim, Han Seo, Wendy Shin, Minkyung Suh, (March 2008). Godiva Chocolatier in North

Even Among The Giants Of Literature, Such As Arnold,...

Even among the giants of literature, such as Arnold, Wordsworth, and Milton, Thomas Sterns Eliot stands tall. As the founder of the modernist movement and the voice of a disillusioned generation, there are few who can rival the impact Eliot had on the world of literature. How then, does one choose one work to define this man? Examining his personal beliefs and writings, there are a few threads which connect them all. These threads culminate in his 1925 poem, â€Å"The Hollow Men†, a poem which describes men stranded in a desert watching their only hope begin to fade away. Canto III of â€Å"The Hollow Men† best represents the essence of T.S. Eliot’s writings because it depicts the technique and ideas common throughout his work. Eliot’s primary†¦show more content†¦Instead, they wander aimlessly as people who are neither good nor evil, but only sad an ineffectual like the people in the featured poem. Eliot uses the imagery of the desert as shortha nd to convey this idea to his readers. It is clearly seen that Eliot’s masterful use of imagery is present in this passage. The first theme shared throughout Eliot’s works is the inability to love and the powerlessness which comes from it. This is depicted in the lines â€Å"Trembling with tenderness/Lips that would kiss/Form prayers to broken stone† (Eliot, Hollow Men). These people desire to kiss and be intimate with each other but despite their passion, they are unable to do so, able only to repeat useless prayers. This idea is present in another one of Eliot’s poems: â€Å"The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock.† In this poem, an ageing man named Prufrock wishes to ask a girl an â€Å"overwhelming question†, but is incapable of doing so due to his fear and anxiety. Prufrock eventually resigns himself to a lonely existence, viewing himself as repulsive and worthless as a crab â€Å"Scuttling across the floors of silent seas† (Eliot, L ove Song of J. Alfred Prufrock 73-74). Just as the desert people are unable to connect with each other; Prufrock is unable to ask his question. This view is likewise reiterated in â€Å"The Wasteland†. During a romantic moment with a girl in a garden, the narrator suddenly has a crisis,