How to Conjugate the French Verb Dire (to Say)

Dire  means to say or to  tell and it is one of the  10 most common verbs  in the French language. It is also an irregular verb, which can pose a challenge to French students. However, in this lesson, well go through the most basic conjugations of  dire  and learn its various meanings. Well also give you plenty of practice using it in common French expressions. Dire As an Irregular -re  Verb There are regular -er verbs and irregular -er verbs; dire is an irregular -re verb. The irregular group can be organized into five patterns around the verbs prendre, battre, mettre, rompre and those ending in -craindre. The problem is that  dire does not fit into these patterns at all. It belongs to the remaining irregular -re verbs, which have such unusual or unwieldy conjugations that you have to memorize each one separately. These are very common and important verbs, so you really do have to learn them in order to communicate effectively in French. Try working on one verb a day until youve mastered them all. Beyond dire, the list includes boire  (to drink), conclure  (to conclude), conduire  (to drive), connaà ®tre  (to know), coudre  (to sew), croire  (to believe), à ©crire  (to write), faire  (to make), inscrire  (to write down), lire  (to read), naà ®tre  (to be born), plaire  (to please), rire  (to laugh), suivre  (to follow),  and vivre  (to live). Verbs Ending in -dire  Are Conjugated Like Dire Dire is the root of a family of French irregular verbs ending in -dire. All French verbs that have this ending  are conjugated in the same way, so that makes each a little easier to learn. There is one exception, though.  In the  vous  form of the indicative and imperative,  dire  and  redire  end in -ites, while the other verbs end in -isez. A few of the verbs ending in -dire are: redire  - to repeat, say againcontredire   - to contradictse dà ©dire  -  to go back on ones wordinterdire  -  to forbidmà ©dire  -  to malignprà ©dire  -  to predict Simple Conjugations of Dire Dire  is an important verb to learn and its most important conjugations are in the indicative mood. These state the action of saying as a fact. Make these a priority and memorize them, using short sentences to practice each. The indicative mood of  dire  includes the basic present, future, and imperfect past tenses. To use the chart, simply pair the subject pronoun with the appropriate tense. For example, I say is  je dis  and we will tell is  nous disons. Present Future Imperfect je dis dirai disais tu dis diras disais il dit dira disait nous disons dirons disions vous dites direz disiez ils disent diront disaient The present participle of dire is disant. The passà © composà ©Ã‚  of  dire  is formed using the auxiliary verb  avoir  and the past participle  dit. To construct the phrase, combine these two elements with the correct subject pronoun. For instance, we told is  nous avons dit. You may not use the following verb conjugations as often as the others, but they are useful to know. For example, when you want to give the action of saying a little uncertainty, either the subjunctive or the conditional  may be appropriate. Its most likely that youll encounter the passà ¨ simple and the imperfect subjunctive in writing. Subjunctive Conditional Pass Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je dise dirais dis disse tu dises dirais dis disses il dise dirait dit dt nous disions dirions dmes dissions vous disiez diriez dtes dissiez ils disent diraient dirent dissent When you want to use  dire  as a command or short request, you can use the imperative form. In this case, theres no need to include the subject pronoun: use  dis  instead of  tu dis. Imperative (tu) dis (nous) disons (vous) dites The Many Meanings of  Dire In practice,  dire  generally means to say or to tell: Je  nai  rien  dit. - I didnt say anything.Dis-moi  la và ©rità ©. - Tell me the truth.Comment dit-on furthermore en franà §ais  ? - How do you say furthermore in French? Dire  que  means to say that: Jai dit  que  javais  froid. - I said that I was cold.Je  vais  lui  dire  quil  doit  nous aider. - Im going to tell him that he has to help us. Dire de  can mean to think or to have an opinion on or to feel like: Quest-ce  que  tu  dis de mon  idà ©e  ? -  What do you think of my idea?Que  dites-vous  de la  maison  ? -  What do you think about the house?Ça te dit de  sortir  ? -  Do you feel like going out?Ça  ne  me dit  rien. -  I dont feel like it at all. That doesnt do anything for me. Using  Se Dire Se dire  can be either a pronominal or  passive voice construction. In the pronominal,  dire  can be reflexive (to say to oneself) or reciprocal (to say to each other) Reflexive  - to say to oneself Je me  suis  dit de  ne  pas  pleurer. -  I told myself not to cry.Il  sest  dit,  bon,  il  faut  essayer encore  une  fois. -  He said to himself, Well, I have to try again. Figuratively, the reflexive dire  means to claim (to be): Il  se  dit avocat. -  He claims to be a lawyer.Elle  se  dit prà ªte. -  She claims shes ready. Reciprocal  - to say to each other Nous devons nous dire au revoir. -  We have to say  goodbye  (to each other).Ils  se  sont  enfin  dit  quils  saiment. -  They finally told each other that they love each other.   In the  passive construction,  se  dire  means to be said: Ça  ne  se  dit pas. -  That isnt said.Ça  ne  se  dit plus. -  That isnt said anymore. People dont say that anymore.Comment à §a  se  dit en  espagnol? -  How is that said in Spanish? French Expressions With Dire Because it is such a useful verb, there are  several colorful, opinionated idiomatic expressions that use  dire. Among those are phrases such as: ceci/cela  dit  - (with) that saidcela  va  sans dire  - that goes without sayingcest-à  -dire  - that is (to say)comme on dit  - so to speak, as they sayautrement dit  -  in other wordsvouloir dire  - to meanentendre dire  - to hear (it said that)à  Ã‚  ce  quil dit  -  according to himJai entendu dire quil va...  - I heard that hes going to...on se dirait  - you would think, you can almost imagineÇa ne me dit pas grand-chose.  -  I dont think much of that. You can also use it to say that someone expressed frustration: dire à  Ã‚  quelquun  ses  quatre và ©rità ©s  -  to give someone a piece of ones minddire à  Ã‚  quelquun  son  fait, dire son  fait  Ãƒ   quelquun  -  to tell someone offdire  ce  quon  a  sur  le cÅ“ur -  Ã‚  to get something off ones chestdire des  sottises  / bà ªtises -  to talk nonsense Then, there are a handful of common English phrases that can be translated into French: dire  toujours  amen -  to be a yes-manÀ  qui le  dis-tu  ?  -  Youre telling me!à   vrai dire  -  to tell you the truthaussità ´t dit, aussità ´t fait -  no sooner said than done

Self Resonance As A Leader - 1185 Words

To sustain resonance as a leader can be extremely difficult as leaders are constantly giving pieces of themselves to others and not spending enough time renewing their energies (Boyatzis McKee, 2013). In this age of constant noise, there seems to be not enough time to pause and reflect, and in high powered positions with extreme levels of stress, there never seems to be enough time for the basic daily demands of work, much less time to pause to take a breath. Distracted by trying to multi-task and juggle a schedule for work and life, the self is usually last on the priority list, and the consequence of this attitude can be seen in the numerous bad habits adopted by those in leadership positions. Many leaders become engulfed in the Sacrifice Syndrome (Boyatzis McKee, 2013). Not maintaining the balance of sacrifice and renewal can lead to burnout by sacrificing too much for too long of a period of time. It can be lonely at the top. Power creates distance between people, cutting off the relationships and support needed by leaders for renewal. This constant giving of the self will wear out a leader, and this exhaustion will create a never-ending loop into dissonance (Boyatzis McKee, 2013). Defined as power stress, the constant decision-making, putting out small crises, and lightning speed at which decisions have to be made lead to a form of chronic stress (Boyatzis McKee, 2013). The constant pressure day after day in positions of power lead many to become dispiritedShow MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Resonant Leadership On Leaders800 Words   |  4 PagesEffects of resonant leadership The sustainability of resonance relies on leaders who are mindful, hopeful, compassionate, those who have the innate ability to challenge the status quo, explore new approaches to old problems, and recognize the difficulty of change. They also know that without change and the courage to create change, it could be detrimental to themselves and the organizations they lead. Boyatzis McKee (2005) states that it is imperative for people to be the change they wish to seeRead MoreEssay on Emotional Intelligence in Leadership1548 Words   |  7 PagesMcKee, 2002, pg 5). Emotional intelligence then becomes the predictor of how effectively the leader will be able to lead in any given situation, set of tasks or followers. In this paper, the author will compare this premise of emotional intelligence with the Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory and the situational approach to leadership (Northouse, 2010). Also, the author will evaluate, in terms of resonance and dissonance, how appropriate ly an emotional intelligence model would function in a higherRead MorePrimal Leadership Review Essay658 Words   |  3 PagesRealizing the Power of Emotional Intelligence† By: Daniel Goleman, Richard Boyatzis, Annie McKee Publisher: Harvard Business School Press Reviewer: Michael L Schwartz General Opinions: This book, when you cut to the heart of the matter, talks about leaders involving people, making people feel good about themselves and what they do. Much of the book discusses why this is true by explaining how the brain operates. There is discussion how neurotransmitters work and how neural-chemical reactions occur inRead MorePrimal Leadership : Unleashing The Power Of Emotional Intelligence1457 Words   |  6 PagesEmotional Intelligence† explores the role of emotional intelligence in leadership. Also, opens links between organizational success or failure and primal leadership, the authors argue that a leader s emotions are spreadable. If a leader spread energy and enthusiasm, the organization will thrives. If a leader spreads negativity and conflict, the organization will struggles. The authors of this book are Daniel Goleman, Richard Boyatzis, and Annie McKee’s. The following paragraph will provide shortRead MoreCustomer Based Brand Equity Model (CBBE)1276 Words   |  6 Pagesbrand attitudes generally depend on specific attributes and benefits of the brand. †¢ Brand Credibility; judgements about the company or organization behind the brand. Customers may seen that wether the brand is competitive, innovative and market leader. The company always consider customers’ priorities in mind and create interest and fun so that customers enjoying while consuming the brand. †¢ Brand Consideration; customers think or consider the brand while making purchase decisions. †¢ Read MoreEmotional Intelligence, By John Mayer And Peter Salovey1445 Words   |  6 PagesGoleman goes on to explain that emotional intelligence can be broken down into two core competencies. These competencies include personal competence and social competence. Personal competence includes traits such as self-awareness, defined as being aware of what you are feeling; and self-management, which is what you do with your feelings once you are aware of what you are feeling, or exercising control of your feelings. Social competence includes traits such as social awareness, which is being awareRead MoreIs Emotional Intelligence Beneficial for Effective Leadership?1509 Words   |  7 PagesGoleman goes on to explain that emotional intelligence can be broken down into two core competencies. These competencies include personal competence and social competence. Personal competence includes traits such as self-awareness, defined as being aware of what you are feeling; and self-manag ement, which is what you do with your feelings once you are aware of what you are feeling, or exercising control of your feelings. Social competence includes traits such as social awareness, which is being awareRead MoreImproving Performance Management Strategies And Alignment Between And Organizational Goals1694 Words   |  7 Pages360-degree appraisal in the performance management process will provide a broader perspective about an employee’s performance and detail to annual appraisal. In addition, the technique facilitates greater self-development for an employee. Moreover, it enables an employee to compare his or her self- evaluation about performance with the perceptions of others. Management via App Many companies are transitioning to the use of Apps to provide ongoing feedback to their employees. General Electric, a companyRead MorePrimal Leadership1998 Words   |  8 Pagesor function of a true leader. The authors argue that this task is primal because it is both the original and the most important act of leadership (p 5). Their basic argument is that primal leadership operates at its best through emotionally intelligent leaders who create resonance (p38). Great leaders move people by managing and directing emotions in the right direction. Therefore, leaders who drive emotions positively, bring out the best in their employees. When leaders positively direct theRead MoreFrom The Learning That I Learned From The Relational Leadership1156 Words   |  5 PagesFrom the learning that I learned from the relational leadership class. Many academicians describe about many theories of leaderships, such as a leader who can lead people must born to be or a leader can develop and learn how to be a leader. However, a good leader has to have abilities to perform his or her position. Especially, the leader must have the human skills which have abilities to communicate and to get along with other people. When people communicate and misunderstand each other, it will

Observation Toddler Free Essays

The name of the child that is being observed is Rachael. She is a female toddler who weighs 26 pounds and is 32 ? inches tall. According to biosocial development most children, by 24 months, weigh almost 30 pounds and are between 32 and 36 inches tall. We will write a custom essay sample on Observation Toddler or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to the data of the United States, Rachael weight of 28 pounds lands between the 10th and the 50th girls percentiles, which are 22 ? pounds and 26 ? pounds. Her height of 32 ? is in the 10th girls percentiles. Her skin tone is dark and her hair long curly brown she is Spanish and causasion mix. Rachael and her eight year old sister were sitting on at the kitchen table when I came in. They both were having lunch, sandwich with turkey and cheese, raw carrot, chips and juice. Rachael’s mother told the girls after wash their hands; they can go out in the backyard to play. Rachael was excited and told her, â€Å"Play mommy†. As I watched Rachael wash her little had it looked like she loved the warm water and soap on her hands. She looked at me and smiled, and I winked at her with approval. Smiling is an emotional development which falls in biosocial and psychosocial development. Rachael dried her hands and rushed outside to play in the backyard. The first thing she did was get on her electric Barbie truck. Using her fine motor skills, she was able to manver it without any help, as her was grinded one hand on the wheel she waved to her mother. Hi mommy! Her older sister saw playing with a ball and started to bounce it. Rachel, stop her truck and jumped out and ran to her said and told her, no that’s mine and had gripped the ball and walked away. She then started to use her gross motor skills, she had bounced the ball as her sister did and then was hitting it with her hand. She then walked up to her sister and said, â€Å"Here ball† the emotional was a smile. Her social interaction is of her beginning to acknowledge sharing with others. She then went to pick up a toy and throw it and her Mother told her in a claim voice Rachael please does not throw the toy. She just looked at her Mom and just started running around chasing her sister. She was laughing and at one point started to crawl on the ground and rolling in the grass again using her gross motor skills. There was a little play structure and she climb the latter another motor skill in the biosocial development and in which context and culture are crucial for acquisition of this skill. Rachael used her sensor motor skills and memory skills today. Her social interaction I observed was positive which I saw in her playing and communication. In receptive vs. expressive language skills, she seemed to receive when spoken. Though at this age, language is a leading cognitive accomplishment. By doing this observation, I had learned that it’s much easier to understand children and their development by observing their unique ways. How to cite Observation Toddler, Essays

Cherry Orchard By Chekhov Essay Example For Students

Cherry Orchard By Chekhov Essay There is a convincing debate whether The Cherry Orchard is a tragedy or a comedy. Chekhov strongly argues that the play is a comedy and should be performed as a comedy. The philosopher Aristotle can support Chekhov perception of his play. Aristotle defines a comedy as an imitation of characters of a lower type who are not bad in themselves but whose faults possess something ludicrous in them. The misinterpretation of The Cherry Orchard is due to a misunderstanding of what a comedy is. The sympathy and compassion of the main characters in The Cherry Orchard should not blind the reader to the fact that they are virtually comic characters. For example no character could be more ludicrous then a patrician like Gayev, whose characteristics according to Chekhov are suavity and elegance. It is not the fact that Gayev becomes a bank official that is laughable but that sense the beginning of the play it is made quite clear that he would not be able to hold a job for even a month. It is also ironic that Gayev would become a bank official considering that it is obvious that he and the rest of his family are all terrible with money. Along with Gayev his sisters ability to understand business and budget their money is completely ludicrous. Through out the play Ranyevskaya continuously spends money although the family is broke and losing everything they own. She has Leonid give Pishchik two hundred and forty rubles although she has told Pishchik I have no money, my sweet. This is ridiculous and the reader has to laugh at the ignorance of this family. Even more ludicrous is Ranyevskaya concern for the lost of her belongs but makes no attempt to save them. After Lopakhin has spent act one and some of act two explaining how to save the land Ranyevskaya is ably to ask, what can we possibly do? Tell us. This leaves Lopakhin to make a comical comment about this family such a strange unbusiness like people. Although tragic events are taking place through out the play, the characters actions and dialect is comical. The symbolism of the sale of the cherry orchard can be sent as comical; it becomes a seminal icon for the memories of the family. This play is generated on seminal values of this family. No one in the family wants to see the cherry orchard go but it is ludicrous that the family does not see that the cherry orchard is going either by sale or development. Sense this is a fact, it is only risible that the family should profit from the lost of the cherry orchard. The importance of seminal values should be over run by the importance of survival. Ranyevskaya does not seem to be concerned with survival and can only see the cherry orchard as a seminal object. This is completely ridiculous and demonstrates the comical actions of Ranyevskaya. The view of the cherry orchard as a seminal object also effects the true objective of the cherry orchard. Firs says: In the old days, forty, fifty years ago, they used to dry the cherries, they used to soak them, they used to pickle them, they used to make jam out of them, and year after year. This caption informs the reader that the original purpose for the land was for profit. Ranyevskaya memories of the orchard as a fantastic playground disallows her to see the truth that the cherry orchard was just her parents business and it is time to change the business because times have changed. Every one of the many characters was carefully planned out to show some purpose in the message conveyed in The Cherry Orchard. Chekhov is able to show that the core of humanity is full of ludicrous emotions and ideas. The importance of the use of comedy in the play conveys with the importance of comedy in our lives. It shows the reader how the most ridiculous moments and decisions are probably the most important ones.

Who I Am. free essay sample

Standing at 6’4† and weighing 240 pounds I stand in front of the crowd, sweating under the heavy beam of lights, and all eyes are focused on me. On the inside I’m nervous, but I stay cool, calm, and collective as I continue to perform under pressure. Yes, of course I’m talking about acting. Through my first two years of high school I was always known as a jock. The big kid that people mistook for a senior, shorter kids were intimidated by, and football and basketball coaches salivated over. For those two years, I fit the stereotype. I always wore my football jersey on game days and dressed up for away basketball games. I let my size define the type of person I was going to be in high school. I thought I was stuck being a jock because that was how the entire school viewed me. However, that all changed during sophomore year when I had signed up for Theatre 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Who I Am. or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page I had always known I liked performing on stage since I acted in a couple of plays in middle school. Being able to make audience members experience emotions because of a performance I give is one of the greatest feelings in the world. My theatre teacher gave me the opportunity sophomore year to take part in the school play. Unfortunately because of scheduling difficulties and actors having to drop out of the show, the show had to be cancelled. Even though we were not able to perform it on stage I was able to go through the rehearsal process for about 4 weeks. Experiencing the stress of memorizing lines, blocking the script, and losing a voice for about two days made me realize the love I have for acting. After that experience I knew that acting was the one thing I wanted to pursue in my life. I quit football, much to the coach’s dismay, and focused solely on theatre and played basketball just for fun. It was then when I learned that my physical appearance does not define who I am.

Ethnoarchaeology - Cultural Anthropology Archaeology

Ethnoarchaeology - Cultural Anthropology Archaeology Ethnoarchaeology is a research technique that involves using information from living cultures- in the form of ethnology, ethnography, ethnohistory, and experimental archaeology- to understand patterns found at an archaeological site. An ethnoarchaeologist acquires evidence about ongoing activities in any society  and uses those studies to draw analogies from modern behavior to explain and better understand patterns seen in archaeological sites. Key Takeaways: Ethnoarchaeology Ethnoarchaeology is a research technique in archaeology that uses present-day ethnographic information to inform remains of sites.  Applied first in the late 19th century and at its height in the 1980s and 1990s, the practice has decreased in the 21st century.The problem is what its always been: the application of oranges (living cultures) to apples (ancient past).  Benefits include the amassing of huge quantities of information about production techniques and methodologies. American archaeologist Susan Kent defined ethnoarchaeologys purpose as to formulate and test archaeologically oriented and/or derived methods, hypotheses, models and theories with ethnographic data. But it is archaeologist Lewis Binford who wrote most clearly: ethnoarchaeology is a Rosetta stone: a way of translating the static material found on an archaeological site into the vibrant life of a group of people who in fact left them there. Practical Ethnoarchaeology Ethnoarchaeology is typically conducted by using the cultural anthropological methods of participant observation, but it also finds behavioral data in ethnohistorical and ethnographic reports as well as oral history. The basic requirement is to draw on strong evidence of any kind for describing artifacts and their interactions with people in activities. Ethnoarchaeological data can be found in published or unpublished written accounts (archives, field notes, etc.); photographs; oral history; public or private collections of artifacts; and of course, from observations deliberately made for archaeological purposes on a living society. American archaeologist Patty Jo Watson argued that ethnoarchaeology should also include experimental archaeology. In experimental archaeology, the archaeologist creates the situation to be observed rather than taking it where he or she finds it: observations are still made of archaeological relevant variables within a living context. Edging Towards a Richer Archaeology The possibilities of ethnoarchaeology brought in a flood of ideas about what archaeologists could say about the behaviors represented in the archaeological record: and a corresponding earthquake of reality about the ability of archaeologists to recognize all or even any of the social behaviors that went on in an ancient culture. Those behaviors must be reflected in the material culture (I made this pot this way because my mother made it this way; I traveled fifty miles to get this plant because thats where weve always gone). But that underlying reality may only be identifiable from the pollen and potsherds if the techniques allow their capture, and careful interpretations appropriately fit the situation. Archaeologist Nicholas David described the sticky issue pretty clearly: ethnoarchaeology is an attempt to cross the divide between the ideational order (the unobservable ideas, values, norms, and representation of the human mind) and the phenomenal order (artifacts, things affected by human action and differentiated by matter, form, and context). Processual and Post-Processual Debates The ethnoarchaeological study reinvented the study of archaeology, as the science edged into the post-World War II scientific age. Instead of simply finding better and better ways to measure and source and examine artifacts (a.k.a. processual archaeology), archaeologists felt they could now make hypotheses about the kinds of behaviors those artifacts represented (post-processual archaeology). That debate polarized the profession for much of the 1970s and 1980s: and while the debates have ended, it became clear that the match is not perfect. For one thing, archaeology as a study is diachronic- a single archaeological site always includes evidence of all the cultural events and behaviors that might have taken place at that location for hundreds or thousands of years, not to mention the natural things that happened to it over that time. In contrast, ethnography is synchronic- what is being studied is what happens during the course of the research. And theres always this underlying uncertainty: can the patterns of behavior that are seen in modern (or historical) cultures really be generalized to ancient archaeological cultures, and how much? History of Ethnoarchaeology Ethnographic data was used by some late 19th century/early 20th century archaeologists to understand archaeological sites (Edgar Lee Hewett leaps to mind), but the modern study has its roots in the post-war boom of the 1950s and 60s. Beginning in the 1970s, a huge burgeoning of literature explored the potentialities of the practice (the processual/post-processual debate driving much of that). There is some evidence, based on the decrease in the number of university classes and programs, that ethnoarchaeology, although an accepted, and perhaps standard practice for most archaeological studies in the late 20th century, is fading in importance in the 21st. Modern Critiques Since its first practices, ethnoarchaeology has often come under criticism for several issues, primarily for its underpinning assumptions about how far the practices of a living society can reflect the ancient past. More recently, scholars as archaeologists Olivier Gosselain and Jerimy Cunningham have argued that western scholars are blinded by assumptions about living cultures. In particular, Gosselain argues that ethnoarchaeology doesnt apply to prehistory because it isnt practiced as ethnologyin other words, to properly apply cultural templates derived from living people you cant simply pick up technical data. But Gosselain also argues that doing a full ethnological study would not be useful expenditure of time, since equating present-day societies are never going to be sufficiently applicable to the past. He also adds that although ethnoarchaeology may no longer be a reasonable way to conduct research, the main benefits of the study has been to amass a huge amount of data on production techniques and methodologies, which can be used as a reference collection for scholarship. Selected Sources Cunningham, Jerimy J., and Kevin M. McGeough. The Perils of Ethnographic Analogy. Parallel Logics in Ethnoarchaeology and Victorian Bible Customs Books. Archaeological Dialogues 25.2 (2018): 161–89. Print.Gonzlez-Urquijo, J., S. Beyries, and J. J. Ibà ±ez. Ethnoarchaeology and Functional Analysis. Use-Wear and Residue Analysis in Archaeology. Eds. Marreiros, Joo Manuel, Juan F. Gibaja Bao and Nuno Ferreira Bicho. Manuals in Archaeological Method, Theory and Technique: Springer International Publishing, 2015. 27–40. Print.Gosselain, Olivier P. To Hell with Ethnoarchaeology! Archaeological Dialogues 23.2 (2016): 215–28. Print.Kamp, Kathryn, and John Whittaker. Editorial Reflections: Teaching Science with Ethnoarchaeology and Experimental Archaeology. Ethnoarchaeology 6.2 (2014): 79–80. Print.Parker, Bradley J. Bread Ovens, Social Networks and Gendered Space: An Ethnoarchaeological Study of Tandir Ovens in Southeastern Anatolia. American Antiquity 76.4 (2011 ): 603–27. Print.Politis, Gustavo. Reflections on Contemporary Ethnoarchaeology. Pyrenae 46 (2015). Print. Schiffer, Michael Brian. Contributions of Ethnoarchaeology. The Archaeology of Science. Vol. 9. Manuals in Archaeological Method, Theory and Technique: Springer International Publishing, 2013. 53–63. Print.

Supply Chain Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Supply Chain Management - Assignment Example Perhaps the foremost social and economic responsibility levied upon private and public organisation in recent decades is the maximisation. This responsibility is being increasingly codified in law and various governmental orders. Its influence is becoming increasingly pervasive through a constant series of federal court decisions as well as steady enlargement in the size and scope of administering agencies. Despite the pressure from the competitors Nostovia's new airport will undertake effective supply management as the cutting edge. Higher number of satisfactory customers and efficient services will maximise the profitability of Nostovia by attracting a large number of foreign tourists. It is argued that the supply chain standards are not fixed at a uniform level or universal conditions cannot be established. Several factors should be taken into consideration while implementing a supply chain implementation or improvement plan. Factors contributing to the effective development of supply chain management are many and varied, which include: The main source of competitive advantage in services industry is efficient service for the customers. Supply chain plays an important role in the efficient service provision to the customers. "The goal of a supply chain should be to maximise overall supply chain profitability. Supply chain profitability is the difference between the revenue generated from the customer and the total cost incurred across all stages of the supply chain. Supply chain decisions have a large impact on the success or failure of each firm because they significantly influence both the revenue generated as well as the cost incurred. Successful supply chains manage flows of product, information, and funds to provide a high level of product availability to the customer while keeping costs low." (Chopra & Meindl, 2004;

Financial Investment Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Financial Investment Analysis - Essay Example This, particularly, must be challenging for companies with global operations that may have their cash balances fragmented across different geographies, banks, and bank accounts which make accessing cash difficult (Huang 2003). In this regard, this paper seeks to address the issue of efficient diversification as a comprehensive strategy in liquidity and stock return. Liquidity of an asset explains the ease with which an asset can be sold after its purchase without incurring further losses and how risks can be mitigated if not minimized (Baker 2006). The various losses that could be incurred may be due to the various transaction costs or price changes or poor investment strategies. Thus the main aim of this study shall be to examine how proportionate efficient diversification increases the neutralization of low pricing and promising high returns (Elton et al. 2007). The paper holds that efficient diversification must there is a potential benefit when risky part of portfolio consists of weighted proportions of all possible risky assets. Naive and Efficient Diversification Studies done on investment on stock markets and equity securities have documented the relationship that exists in weighted portfolios (proportionate or otherwise on risky assets). Broadly speaking, there two causes of uncertainty. Elton et al (2007) note that one of them is risk which relates to broad economic conditions. These include inflation, currency exchange rates, interest rates and business cycle. Interestingly, these macro-economic aggregates cannot be foreseen with implicit surety, yet they impact on the rate of returns. Second, according to them, is a firm-specific influence which affects the organization without obviously affecting other companies (Elton et al. 2007). These include effects such as managerial structure, human resource changes and research and development (Baker 2006). Obviously when diversification is naively done, for instance adding additional security to a risky por tfolio, then this should work to lessen portfolio risk. The implication here is that continued diversification into even other securities more and more decreases the probability of exposition to the specific risk factors of the company, thereby ensuring the falling of portfolio volatility (Jagannathan and Wang 2006). All this happens when it is naive diversification where equally weighted portfolio of many securities is employed (Elton et al 2007). Inherently, if risks are only firm’s specific means, diversification still reduces the risk to reasonable low levels (Baker 2006).This means that when it comes to a situation where the sources of risks are autonomous and there is spreading of investment into numerous securities, there is negligibility of exposure to specific font of risk. This is what is sometimes referred to the insurance principle (Jagannathan and Wang 2006). Regardless of this however, the tragedy is that in a situation where common risk foundations have impact on all companies, even widespread diversifying fails to eradicate risk. At this, portfolio standard deviation reduces when securities numbers increases. Despite this, it is never reduced to zero, and thus there must be a market risk/systematic risk, which is attributed to market forces (Jagannathan and Wang 1996). Else how, efficient diversification is often done when weighted portfolios are employed proportionately.

Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction Research Paper

Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction - Research Paper Example Customer satisfaction is the outcome felt by those who have experienced a company’s performance that met or exceeded their expectations. Some researchers highlighted the importance of customer satisfaction and do see that customer satisfaction has a positive effect on organization’s profitability. Evidence also shows the positive connection between customer satisfaction, loyalty and retention. Customer loyalty refers to a deeply held commitment to re-buy a preferred product or service in the future despite situational influences and marketing efforts having the potential to cause switching behavior. The aim of this research is to study the impact of service quality on both customer satisfaction and customer loyalty and the overall effect on business and profitability. Chapter One: Introduction 1.1 Problem Statement This research studies the impact of service quality on customer satisfaction which in turn affects the overall business performance and accordingly the overa ll organizational profits and its market value. 1.2 Importance of the study In today’s dynamic market, competition has become very tough and the product no more became the competitive advantage, in contrast the service quality became the driver of today’s business and what differentiates organizations as today’s customer became more sophisticated and much more knowledgeable with access to global markets and information, accordingly, customer satisfaction became the center of attention and organizations heading more and more towards a customer centered perspective 1.3 Research Questions Does service quality really matter? What kind of competition exists in today’s marketplace? What is customer satisfaction? Can it be measured? Does customer satisfaction lead to customer loyalty? What is the relation between quality of service and customer satisfaction? How can customer satisfaction impact the business performance and company value? Chapter Two: Service qua lity 2.1 Service Quality in a Nutshell Service quality is a concept that defines the relationship between expectations and performance of a business. It is based on the knowledge that a company with high quality of service will fulfill the needs of the customer while retaining their economic competitiveness (Jean, 2000). Economic rivalry is increased by the improvement in the quality of service. This objective may be attained by comprehending and developing the operational methods, recognizing the problem swiftly and categorically creating an authentic and dependable service delivery measures and assessing the satisfaction of customers and other performance output. In other words, service quality is a term that is applied by a company’s administration to define the success in service. It replicates at every service delivery. Customers draw their anticipations from their previous experiences, adverts and from word of mouth (Anand, 2010). Universally, consumers contrast the ser vice obtained with anticipated whereby in case the former is underachieved compared to the latter the consumers get dissatisfied. 2.2 Is Service Quality that Important? One of the significant parts of the quality management is giving the customer service required. The business has faith in giving

Tourism Industry In Tibet Tourism Essay

Tourism Industry In Tibet Tourism Essay The Tibet Autonomous Region, covering an area of 1.22 million square kilometres, is situated on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in the south-western border area of China. It enjoys unique plateau environment. Averaging more than 4,000 meters in elevation, it is always regarded as the highest region in the world and is known as the roof of the world. Tibet abuts on Xinjiang, Qinghai, Sichuan, and Yunnan province. It has 3,842 km borders with Chinas neighbouring countries of Myanmar, India, Bhutan and Nepal as well as Kashmir in the south and west (Zhang Zheng 2004). Tourism is playing an increasingly crucial role in Tibets tertiary industry. Even though these is unique natural and culture tourism resources, tourism were developed in Tibet very late. Prior Chinas reform and opening-up policies in 1978, there was almost no tourism in Tibet. After about 30 years, tourism in Tibet has become much more developed, especially after the Qinghai-Tibet railway has been completed and operated. In 2008, there were 2,246,400 tourists visiting Tibet, which bigger than the total number of tourists who went to Tibet between 1980 and 1997(China Tibetology Research Centre 2009). (Figure 2) Figure 2: Changes in Tibets Tourism Revenues and Number of Tourists Between 1980 and 2008 figure 2.jpg Source: Tibet Statistical Yearbook 2009 2.3 SWOT analysis To understanding the characteristics of tourism in Tibet and its internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats, SWOT analysis will be presented. Strength Diverse tourism resources. Tibets long history, splendid culture and its unique plateau environment are all important attractions of Tibet. Regional strength. As Chinas border areas, Tibet borders with India, Nepal, and Myanmar etc. Political strength. The implementation of the strategy for the development of the western region of China gave Tibet powerful political support(Meng Huang 2007). Weaknesses Undeveloped transportation. Lack of overall strategy. Poor infrastructure. The number of hotels, travel agencies and facilities cannot meet the growing demands of visitors (Meng Huang 2007). Opportunities Government support. The Chinese government not only operate some politics but also invest huge amount of money into tourism development of Tibet. Huge demand of tourism market. Domestic tourism demand is growing and some restrictive factors affecting the tourism demand has been alleviated (Meng Huang 2007). Economic development of China. Threats Stiff competition Relationship between development and protection Figure 3: SWOT analysis of tourism in Tibet 2.4 Tourism market These years, the number of tourists visiting Tibet soars. Since 1980, the Tibets tourism market can be separated into three stages. Firstly, from 1980s to 1990s, international visitors dominated the tourism market. However, from 1990s, domestic visitors increased rapidly. For instance, in 1996 the number of international visitors is 2500 while as domestic visitors is 250,000 (Tan 2006). In 2004, the number of visitors even surpassed one million. The third stage is from 2006, when the Qinghai-Tibet railway has been completed and operated. The number of domestic visitors changed tremendously, reaching five million in 2010. 2.5 Proposed growth value 3. Transport system in Tibet 3.1 Responsible agencies and firms The government of China is the main organizer of the construction of Tibets transport system. Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China in October 1949, the state invested huge amounts of funds in Tibets transport construction. The transportation within Tibet and between the autonomous region and other places has been fundamentally changed. Take Qinghai-Tibet Railway project for instance, the Central Government has invested around US$3.17 billion in it. In addition to the investment, Chinese government also drew up a series of new principles and policies to assure that the construction of transport in Tibet will be processed smoothly, among which the western development strategy is the most significant one. With this strategys implementation and the close attention of the regional government, great effort has been taken to support the development of Tibet transport system. 3.2 Existing transport system Before 1949, there was no road in Tibet. Through the gorgeous mountains and vast plateau plains, caravans journeyed on dangerous paths with heavy loads. However, currently, the transportation network is in place, with highway transport as the main part, supplemented by rail and air transportation. Road transportation Since the peaceful liberation of Tibet in 1951, the decades of construction has brought Tibet four inter-provincial roads connecting Tibet with Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Yunnan. The major roads include Qinghai-Tibet Highway, Sichuan-Tibet Highway, Xinjiang-Tibet Highway, Yunnan-Tibet Highway and China-Nepal International Road. The travel routes inside the region are formed on a road network with the major roads and their branches. At the end of 2008, including these five national highways, there are altogether 15 trunk lines and 315 feeder lines in Tibet, and the total length of the roads in the autonomous region reached 51,314 kilometres. Over 92 percent of the township and nearly 72 percent of the administrative villages have been connected with roads. Figure 3: Road Map of Tibet tibet-road-map.jpg Source: www.discovertibettour.com/tibet-maps.html Figure 4: Major Trunk Highways Qinghai-Tibet Highway From Xining in Qinghai to Lhasa in Tibet Known as the lifeline of the autonomous region, the highway caries more than 80percent of goods into or out of Tibet. The 2,122 km highway is paved with asphalt. Rising over 4,000 meters above sea level, it crosses the Kunlun and Tanggula mountains. Sichuan-Tibet Highway From Chengdu in Sichuan to Lhasa in Tibet Extending 2,413 km, the highway links Tibet with various provinces in southwest China Xinjiang-Tibet Highway From Yecheng in Xinjiang to Ngari in Tibet Extending 1,179 km, it is the highest highway in the world Yunnan-Tibet Highway Form Xiaguan in Yunnan to Mangkam in Tibet The highway extends 315 km. China-Nepal Highway Rom Lhasa to Friendship Bridge in Zham, Shigaze of Tibet to Kathmandu of Nepal The highway extends 736km. Railway transportation Although covering about one eighth of Chinas land area, Tibet was previously the only province level region not accessible via railway. Qinghai-Tibet railway is the only rail transport to Tibet. Before the opening of the railway, visitors could only reach Tibet by air or road. This railway measures 1963 kilometres from Xining, capital of Qinghai Province, to Lhasa, which is the worlds most elevated and longest plateau railway (Cao Lin 2008). Along the way 965 kilometres of the railway are located over 4,000 metres, over 600 kilometres traverse the perennial frozen tundra. At the highest point, the Danggula Mountain pass is 5,072 metres above sea level. Thus, Qinghai-Tibet Railway is often called as railway on the rooftop of the world. However, although it is more convenient and cost-effective, it is the only railway to reach Tibet. Figure 3: Railway from and to Tibet tibet-railway-map.jpg Air transportation The air route over Tibet is the most efficient way for communications between Tibet and the rest of the world. The first air route was started in Tibet in 1956, which is from Chengdu, the capital of Sichuan province, to Lhasa (Pan Liu 2006). Till now, air routes between Lhasa and cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu, Chongqing, Xian, and Guangzhou have been established. In addition, the international air route between Lhasa and Kathmandu, Capital of Nepal, has also been open for traffic. However, there are only five civilian airports in Tibet: Gonggar Airport of Lhasa, Nyingchi Airport, Bangda Airport of Qamdo, Ngari airport and Shigatse Airport, among which Ngari airport and Shigatse Airport were first put into use in 2010. Figure 4: Map of Tibet flight routes map-of-tibet-flight-routes.gif Transportation of cities and towns The cities and towns in Tibet all have certain roads connecting each other. But there arent many transportation vehicles. Its hard to predict which part will be the toughest in a trip. In Lhasa, Shigaze, Zetang and other larger cities, mini-buses, taxis, or tricycles can be chosen. Buses with 35 seats run to all major tourism sites and the price is always 2 Yuan each person with in the unban sphere. There are now over 1,200 taxis in Lhasa and its suburbs. In the urban area, a trip by taxi usually costs 10-15 Yuan. In Lhasa, tricycles will cost from 2-5 Yuan for two persons. They are found near the Barkhor Bazaar. In addition, many hotels in Tibet can rent bicycles. Some scenic spots in Lhasa are not connected with buses yet. Across Tibet, many vehicle companies and travel agencies can help tourists rent vehicles for long-distance journeys. The average cost is 2.5-8 Yuan per kilometre and it differs according to the type and function of the vehicle and the condition of the travel route. 3.3 Deficiencies Since Tibets unique  natural geographical and  economic backwardness, its poor transport infrastructure cannot meet the  requirements of  the rapidly growing  tourists. Transportation  restricts the  overall development  of tourism in Tibet.   Transport infrastructure  is seriously lagging behind. Firstly, the total length of road is short and the density of transport facilities is low. The density of roads in Tibet is only 3.36 km each 100 square km, which is the lowest province among the country, comparing 17.82% of the average density of national roads (Cao Lin 2008). These five main highways connecting with other provinces in China are fragile and easy to be affected by natural disasters. In fact, among these five highways, only Qinghai-Tibet Highway can be open throughout the years, others just can be opened seasonally. Furthermore, comparing with Tibets 1.22 million square kilometres of regional area, the number of airport is too few. During tourist season, domestic routes are obviously insufficient. The only international airline is from Kathmandu to Lhasa. Due to the lack  of other international  non-stop flights, most tourists have to choose Beijing-Chengdu-Lhasa or Shang-Chengdu-Lhasa routes, which greatly increased the length of journey to Tibet and the airfare is considerable high. Lastly, railway line is single. Qinghai-Tibet Railway is the only railway transport in Tibet. Since it was constructed on the average of 4,500- 5,000 metre Tibetan Plateau, the maintenance of it is incredible difficult. The development of transportation in the regional area is uneven. Tibets transport is concentrated in the relatively developed middle area. In contrast,  transportation in southern Tibet and north-western Tibet  is extremely backward. Most of roads are in low quality, even fragile and easy to be influenced by natural disaster. Western Tibet is the most isolated area. Some of areas are still undeveloped. It is urgent need to improve the transport conditions. Low quality of transport services The level of transport services directly related to the tourists evaluation of destination (Su Wall 2009). Tourism transportation services not only include tourism projects, information of destinations and choices of transport, but also include accommodation, catering and other related security during the process of travel (Duval 2007). However, when travelling to Tibet, there would be some problem about traffic cannot depart on time and some tourism project and exact security information cannot be provided to tourists. Strategy In order to enable tourism transportation to adapt to the increasing demand of tourists in Tibet, effective scientific strategies should be made to cope with above deficiencies and to assure the transportation system in Tibet would have further improvement. To meet the rapid development of tourism industry, it is necessary to expand the size of transport network to further improve the transport system. In terms of railway transport, fulfil the capacity of railway transport, expend access to and within the Tibet is of importance. It is proposed to construct more railways, like Yunnan-Tibet Railway, Gansu-Tibet Railway and Sichuan-Tibet Railway. The first regional railway, Shigatse- Tibet was proposed to built, which would be complete in 2014. As for road transport, it is suggested to upgrade level of roads, increase management of maintenance of roads to improve disaster-combat capacity. In the national twelfth five-year development plan, regional government decided to made great efforts to develop road transportation in Tibet. In the Fifth Central Discussion Meeting on the Work of Tibet, central government also decided to accelerate construction of road network, with Lhasa as the centre, five State roads as the branches, and the district, county, township and border defence roads as the basis. Currently, the only way from Lhasa to other tourist attractions is road transport. However, some private road accessing to attractions is in the poor quality, which reduces the accessibility and influences the tourists flow. Some scenic spots in Tibet are not connected with roads yet. Thus, it is crucial to increase access level of these places. As to air transport, according to the principles of rational distribution, it is suggested to increase the number of airport to incorporate all major cities and towns into national air routes network. With the increasing number of tourist, it is necessary to open some routes to Hong Kong, Tokyo or New Delhi and some tourism developed cities. Improve the serves of tourism transportation. According to the situation of Tibet, tourism transport sector should improve the level of roads, choose convenient routes, and provide high quality means of transport. In addition, multi-channel and multi-ticket booking service should be provided to minimize transfer time.

Leadership Essay -- Trait Theory, Maslow

Leaders impact people's daily lives and futures. In good times and bad, there is always a need for strong leadership. According to Fesler (1960) leadership is a social process, it cannot exist without leader and followers. Leadership is results in followers’ behavior that is goal-directed in some sort of organized setting. In brief, leadership is a process by a person influences others toward the attainment of group or organizational goals. Like the words said by Keith (2003):† Leadership is ultimately about creating a way for people to contribute to making something extraordinary happen†. The development of leadership studies has three phases: trait theory, behavior theory and contingency theory. According to Robbins& Judge (2011), the studies at late of 1960s are applied to the â€Å"great man† theory which state that the leads are born to lead, they are not like other people and they have some special trait. The researchers examined the physical, mental, and social characteristics of individuals, they are expected to find out what kinds of trait will means the people is the leader. However, Fry& Kriger (2009) indicated that leader trait research ignored followers’ needs and not gives explanations for the proposed relationship between individual characteristics and leadership; it is not consider the impact of situational factors that might moderate the relationship between leader traits and measures of leader effectiveness. As a result of these drawbacks, trait theory is not successful and generally abandoned. While aware of the limitations of trait theory, the focus of leadership research shifted away to leader behaviors. The researchers begin to observe the relationship between behavior and leader effectiveness. The behavior ... ... the leader behavior that will accomplish these tasks depends upon the subordinate and environmental contingency factors. In conclude, there is no best way or universal style to manage an organization. A good must think over the situation around and find out an appropriate leadership style. Although Anna Bligh’s behavior is not totally same with effectiveness style which is indicated by behavior leadership studies, but her style is appropriate to the situation she met, and consistent with the definition of effectiveness leadership under contingency theory. Her case is also proof that behavior leadership has offered many kinds of leader style but a good leader generally should not use the same style with a group in different situation. Like contingency theory indicated: most efficacious leadership is the style that accordance with current circumstance.

Problem Behavior Syndrome Essay

Problem Behavior Syndrome (PBS) are a number of antisocial behaviors that cluster together which may include family dysfunction, substance abuse, smoking, educational underachievement, suicidal thoughts/attempts, unemployment and even crime. (Siegel, 2011) There is one person that comes to mind that has a criminal record and also possesses numerous antisocial behaviors listed in the text. That person, sadly, is my ex boyfriend/ baby’s father, Jonathon. He is only 27 years old and already has two strikes against him. The antisocial behaviors that pertain to him are: family dysfunction, smoking, substance abuse, unemployment, and educational underachievement. I personally believe his mother is to blame for that. She’s a lazy, unemployed alcoholic and possibly bipolar. She picks fights with him whenever possible and has even gotten him arrested once or twice. She is and most likely never was a positive role model for Jon. Maybe it has to do with his father never being around. Who knows? He had gotten a chick pregnant while he was only 15 or so. I have met that kid and the mother; I feel she is already heading down the road he went. That is exactly why I will not let him be in my daughter’s life. I don’t want her to be like him in any way. I am not sure how or who introduced him to drugs but that is his biggest downfall. Drugs (crystal meth) are why he’s been arrested. That fact that he smoked it as well didn’t make things better. He has never harmed anyone or robbed anything either so thank god for that. Since he has a record, it’s very hard for him to find a decent job. But the fact that he is trying to turn his life around and make something of himself, is what makes me know for a fact that he won’t become another PBS statistic.

Having Virus Protection software ensures security of the data Essay

Inline with the growth of internet, is the growth of security threats from malwares (viruses, spywares and adware) that comes from the vast interconnect of the word wide web. As new technology comes to provide more security to your PC, new technology are also added that provides vulnerabilities to malicious codes. A malicious code could be inserted from downloaded files of un-trusted origins. Other sites trick you to download what they claim as useful file but instead it is either a virus or worm. You will only learn later after clicking it that your PC security has been compromised. On other worst cases, this malicious code can delete or corrupt your important data. â€Å"It is estimated that PC Viruses cost businesses approximately $55 Billion in damages in 2003† (Security Stats, 2000). There are a number of ways to protect your PC from viruses, spywares, and adwares. This includes activating your firewall, limiting the access rights, or installing an virus protection software. Normally, it includes the combination of all in order to secure your PC from harmful malwares. Having a virus protection is almost used by everyone to protect their PC. Although a majority of these people using virus protection software knows only a little of the details of protection they get from this software. They are often captured by expensive well known virus protection software when all they need are found on cheaper or free virus protection software. Statement of the Problem The purpose of this document is to explain the importance of having virus protection software. It also goes further by analyzing and providing data as to how effective and to what extent are these virus protection software effective in protecting important data. The document provides arguments to the quality of virus protection software that you need. Forms of Malwares Viruses A virus is a man made program that is loaded into your PC and does things that are not your intent. In most cases, a virus can replicate itself either by staying resident in memory or relying on user actions to spread from one PC to another. Viruses can be transmitted via the network, PC to PC connection, emails, floppy disks, pen drives and other means of physical data transfer. Variants of viruses are classified as Trojans, Worms and Macro-virus. Trojans are malicious code embedded within another program so that when the program is run, the Trojan is also run. Trojans are often used by hackers to gain access to your PC through backdoors aided by Trojans. Trojans may also be embedded through emails as executable attachments with single or double extension files. Worms are small programs that replicates over a network. They normally cause a lot of trouble such as freezing of processes due to their unwanted use of resources. An example of a worm is â€Å"the Sasser worm that tries to contact hosts repeatedly in a short time period at the same port† (Harder et al, 2005). Macro-viruses are embedded as macro-commands for word or excel documents. Microsoft word and excel allows power macro to be embedded within the document. A virus can be made from these macro and turn into a deadly virus. Spyware Spywares are programs that are loaded into your PC and are used specifically to secretly obtain information from your PC that are transmitted to advertisers, hackers or other interested parties. Spywares are the greatest threat to privacy in the internet. Adware Adware are programs that are added to most freeware and shareware programs you download from the web to serve pop-ups and banners. Normally they produce very annoying pop-ups and consume some of your PC resources resulting into a much slower system. Possible Consequences of Infected PCs Malwares in general slows down your PC because they take up computer resources when running. Some worms take up so much of your resources that the PC becomes too slow to be even useful. Other viruses can lead to data loss due to direct deletion of files or by corruption of storage devices due to the uncoordinated process that they perform. In some cases, the formats and partitions of storage devices gets damaged by viruses leaving your data unusable. Spywares and other virus can lead to identify theft due to the information they secretly extract from your PC. This can lead to serious problems such as identity theft of your web based accessible bank accounts or email accounts. Hackers can access your web based accessible bank accounts if they can obtain sufficient information and transfer your money to their accounts. Virus can also corrupt your operating system due again to the uncoordinated process or deletion of system files. An infected PC can infect more PC within the network or infect storage devices that are temporarily attached to your PC such as ped drives, floppy disk or external drives. Analysis of Virus Protection Software Attacks Prevented by Virus Protection Software Most virus protection software protects you from viruses whose signatures are already included in the virus definition file. Virus protection software periodically scans files and memory for known virus signatures. The user may also invoke virus protection software to scan certain folders anytime the user deem necessary. Virus protection software also â€Å"monitors files as they are opened or created to make sure they are not infected† (Get Safe Online, 2007). Most virus protection software also scans emails to insure there are no viruses attached. Virus protection software can either delete, repair or quarantine files infected by viruses. In most cases, it is best to delete infected files if the files can be deleted. Most virus protection software are also able to detect spywares and adwares that are introduced by virus program to install into your PC. Attacks Not Covered by Virus Protection Virus protection software are not able to protect you from new viruses whose virus definition file are not yet included in the software’s date. They are also not able to protect you from most spyware and adware programs. Most spyware programs are spread through the internet via infected servers. Infected servers redirect good sites to fraudulent sites that install malicious code into your PC. An example were the servers found in Russia that worked by infecting some Web sites so that when Net surfers visited those sites, they were redirected to the Russian server, which downloaded software onto surfers’ PCs (Lemos, 2004). Virus protection software cannot also protect you from most installation software that contains malicious code. Hackers that attack your PC without the use of Trojans are also not detected by virus protection software. Virus protection software are also not able to stop spammers from flooding your inboxes. When you go online and access web sites, a virus protection software is also not able to protect you from phishing sites. Phishing sites are fraudulent sites that obtain personal information to gain access to your PC or for advertising purposes. Some phishing sites are redirected from good servers that are infected by malicious code that redirects you to a fraudulent site. You give up personal information thinking that you are still in the intended site that you are accessing. Quality of Virus Protection Software The effectiveness of virus software depends primarily on the number of virus definition file that it contains and how updated these signatures are. It is not very much dependent on what type of antivirus software you have. Therefore, it is not very advisable to purchase expensive virus protection software. What is important is that you can get a continuous update when you connect to the internet. Most virus that cause major havoc are those viruses that are not yet included in the recent virus definition file. Therefore whether the virus protection software is expensive or not, if the virus is very new, then none of the virus protection software can detect it until it can be included in the signature file. Presently, the methods of virus protection algorithm are almost similar using a set of signature to detect viruses. So it is advisable to choose only those that you can update the virus definition as often as possible, do not base it on the price of the antivirus software to guage the quality of virus protection software. Most virus or malwares in general exploit weaknesses within the system or application to spread the malicious code. For example in 2004, â€Å"security researchers are seeing the first signs of a large-scale virus attack taking advantage of a known flaw in the way JPEG images are processed in Microsoft Windows products† (Naraine, 2004). This vulnerability is due to the way GDI, which is included in the GDIplus. dll, processes JPEG files. Since its detection, Microsoft immediately released a patch for it and a scanning tool to determine if the GDI+ library needs a patch or not. So that a virus protection is only secondary to this type of prevention, the operating system must be updated from security threats. This again does not make virus protection software the ultimate protection and therefore it is not advisable to buy them if free virus protection software is available. Virus protection software are also not able to recover severely damaged files, they can only protect your PC from the spread of viruses. Virus protection software are only best for detection so that the spread can be prevented but not in cleaning infected files and most anti-virus package, even the free are able to perform virus detection. Again it is still best to delete infected files and replace them with fresh from installers not merely removing the infected portion because the file may already be damaged beyond the normal repair. So that since most free antivirus software are able to perform the detection and deletion of infected files, they are sufficient to protect your PC. What else should be done? Aside from having a virus protection, it is necessary to get updates of security patch of your operating system to prevent virus exploits of these vulnerabilities. Care must be taken in downloading files from the internet. It is important that you read user feedback of the authenticity of web files before using them. When receiving emails, be sure to delete files that are from unknown origin. Do not use full privileged account such as administrator account when visiting websites. Use limited or guest account to prevent viruses from altering your system files. Make sure that your firewall is up when surfing the web to prevent pop-ups and other malwares from being able to enter your PC. Read resources that provide details of virus protection mechanism so that you will know how to protect your PC. When your PC is not in need of internet connection, please â€Å"disconnect it from the Internet to avoid hacker attacks† (Information Technology Services Centre, 2004). Since virus protection normally do not protect you from spyware, it is also necessary to install spyware protection software. Do not rely heavily on virus protection software alone, they are necessary to ensure security of data but they are not the ultimate solution to protect your PC. The most effective solution to protect your data is back-up regularly to other physical storage devices such as recordable CD, recordable DVD, pen drives or other external drives. So that when a virus destroys your data, you can still recover it from your backup. Conclusion Virus protection software is very important in securing your data. Although it is not necessary that you purchase expensive virus protection software, what is important is that you can get a constant update of the virus definition file for it. Since virus protection cannot protect you from all forms of malware and new viruses, it is necessary that you exercise other forms of security measures. This includes firewall, limited access account for surfing the net, connect to the internet only when necessary, install anti-spyware, regular backup of data, and continuous update of system security patches. References Unknown. (2000). Virus Related Statistics. Security Stats Inc Website. Retrieved April 25, 2007 from http://www. securitystats. com/virusstats. html Harder, U. et al (2005). Observing Internet Worm and Virus Attacks with a Small Network Telescope. Department of Computing, Imperial College London. Retrieved March April 25, 2007 from http://pubs.doc.ic.ac.uk/network-telescope/network-telescope.pdf

Soul Tsunami Essay Example

Soul Tsunami Essay Example Soul Tsunami Essay Soul Tsunami Essay Soul Tsunami – upon hearing such expressions, a reader shall initially swim in an ocean of thoughts directing to literal meanings of the words.   But in the sweetly equipped cultural historian, preacher, optimistic, intellectual and futurist author Leonard Sweet, he described such terminologies as a tidal phenomenon which explains the sweeping and expunging of postmodernism shifting cultural perceptions (Sweet, 2001).  Ã‚   Thus, illustrating it as a beacon intended for the smooth sailing of the church in battling with the waves trying to sink the galleon of faith and being able to fortunately fulfill its mission and calling to unpredicted challenges. Sweet’s Christian-liberated ways of portraying his views on spirituality had clearly been figured in his masterpiece.   It throws illusionary circumstances on what is happening in the modern world of today, how it affects the dignity of the church as well as with the sleeking level of faith in God by the fast changing demands of modernity. It offered ten so-called subject guides which he termed as â€Å"Life Rings†, all of which tackled pre-Christian culture,, â€Å"chaordic† churches and leaders, global renaissance, hands on truth, the loss of genetic innocence, godlet phenomenon, physical intuitions, multi-verses, and all other concerns which he sees as issues which demoralizes the real intent of churches and religion (Sweet, 2001). It would take a thousand researches leading to nothing in stidying such words without internalizing the meaning of each phrase.   Indeed, his sense of â€Å"being different† is hard to defy.   But the whole gist of his book only stresses on one thing: and that it, not to go along with the flow of modernization’s flaws, but rather to always go back with the teachings of the â€Å"real† faith implied in the bible (The Holy Bible, 2005). Reading his book will really take a reader to the world of realization.   Although in the first few parts of his book, one shall be left trapped in a maze of confusion upon his â€Å"own† language need not only reading in lines, but reading between the lines.   Not only that, a lot of people will not be left empty handed after reading his book, for the reason that his art in establishing ideas were well researched and if it may not be too much to assume, realistic and is indeed happening in today’s generation; a slap on the face, per se’. A lot of churches have already ventured in utilizing the idea Sweet has established and implied in his book.   Eventually, it is one reason why I have been prudently attached with the Metropolitan Baptist Church.   The society comprising the congregation helps in lifting up the sagacity of Christianity; no one would want to step out after experiencing a modernized yet holistic and constituent-concerned stewards. It’s like, sticking with the classical and eternal beliefs on faith and Christianity, although the organizational structure and management are not obsolete.   Indefatigably, the book caters the truth of the modern world and the renders an echelon of challenge and test of faith.   To consider not what Sweet has written were true, or adhere on to it, it is upon an individual’s discretion.   Each chapter of his book entitles impressively crafted words and thoughts helpful to those seeking truth in life. What more for those who have gone astray? In every purpose and in every action, one must consider the importance of thinking after doing.   There is indeed no such thing as entities offering absolute security and safety; it all depends on the person’s rationality and bravery (Sweet, 2001).   Faith is not an entity sold in the market, in bookstores or in restaurants to be eaten and be discharged after.   It is a constant phenomenon which needs stability and practicality armed with spirituality and devotion to God.

Biology BSc third year biotech project; Manipulating Biomass and PHA Lab Report

Biology BSc third year biotech project; Manipulating Biomass and PHA Production in batch and continuous cultures of Paracoccus denitrificans - Lab Report Example This proves that the product formation is dependent on the substrate concentration. The concentration of the protein present in the given culture was determined using the Bradford assay at an absorbance of 595 nm. These readings are plotted against the standard protein data curve to find the actual concentration of the protein formed at various time intervals. It was found that the concentration of the protein was maximum after 69 hours. The biomass concentration was found after the 96 hours of culture for the different concentrations of the substrate succinate. It is found that the biomass concentration was maximum for the 50mM concentration. As the PHB are found inside the bacteria, if the biomass is higher then the PHB concentration is also found to be higher. Thus indicating that at a succinate substrate concentration of 50mM, the biomass and the PHB concentration was found to be higher. The biomass concentration was determined after the 96 hours culture. The concentration of the acetate varied from 10mM to 50mM. It is found that as the concentration of the acetate was increased, the biomass concentration was also found to increase. If the biomass concentration is higher then the PHB concentration must be also very high. From the graph, it was found that the biomass concentration was maximum after 60 hours and the concentration of the protein was maximum during the third day of the culture. From this graph we can find that the concentration of the protein was maximum after the cells have crossed the log phase. When the growth curve of P.denitrificans was observed in both continuous and anaerobic culture, it was found that the growth was higher in continuous culture. Comparatively the growth was 10 fold higher in the continuous culture When the growth of the bacteria was compared in different concentrations of succinate at aerobic and anaerobic cultures, it was observed that the

Government HRD Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Government HRD Practice - Essay Example Todd discovered that participants reply positively to any adviser effort for acknowledgement of their Culture in evolving and applying programs to evolve human resources (Klass 2007). With The Persevering, And Tolerance for Ambiguity Facing the inescapable tension cross-cultural context is difficult. But the proficiency to reply to the proximity of distinct and unpredictable positions with little evident discomfort or irritation is wholeheartedly essential for HRD professionals worldwide. In numerous heritages, the ambiguity can change for the poorer, in some it's kind that permits you to present a kind of convictions and opinions. In some Culture, believing that only divine power can understand any thing for certain. In Japan, the ambiguity presents a structure inside which agreement can be satisfied. In the Middle East, it permits for negotiating and explaining problems. In Latin America, it was often the ground on which the business and it is improbable political alliances can be developed. In latest years, even in the U.S., where the ambiguity is not highly regarded, he performed a function in household and foreign policy. In periods of his 40 years of human asset development in the world, Len Nadler proposes that endurance was the ambiguity of its most precious connection he has discussed agreements, conceived programs, therapy, and suggested training. Commitment to the Values and Perform of HRD Healthy esteem for the occupation of HRD and anxiety for his expert likeness are significant relationships. They boost the practitioner should be well arranged for all undertakings for human asset development to take individual blame for his efforts, and care about value and improvement (Budhwar Schuler and... In latest years, even in the U.S., where the ambiguity is not highly regarded, he performed a function in household and foreign policy. In periods of his 40 years of human asset development in the world, Len Nadler proposes that endurance was the ambiguity of its most precious connection he has discussed agreements, conceived programs, therapy, and suggested training.Commitment to the Values and Perform of HRDHealthy esteem for the occupation of HRD and anxiety for his expert likeness are significant relationships. They boost the practitioner should be well arranged for all undertakings for human asset development to take individual blame for his efforts, and care about value and improvement (Budhwar Schuler and Sparrow 2009). Global HRD professionals are often inquired to work in tough situation, and odd, and often the things are insufficient and insufficient equipment. These situations are better than the firm promise and conviction in paid work and a good dose of flexibility in ho w work is done.Initiative and ResolveGlobal HR practices may be far from the head agency of support in positions where they require supplying any authority and management. Program participants may not have concern in the work, they desire the adviser can rest, relish the climate, and chat. There are even situations where scholars glimpse the teacher to enforce business standards and demeanour at work (such as administration by objectives and participative management), which contradicts their convictions and Culture practices.